Effectiveness of two and three doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines against infection, symptoms, and severity in the pre-omicron era: A time-dependent gradient

Vaccine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 42(14), P. 3307 - 3320

Published: April 14, 2024

Vaccines were developed and deployed to combat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This study aimed characterize patterns in the protection provided by BNT162b2 mRNA-1273 mRNA vaccines against a spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection symptoms severities. A national, matched, test-negative, case-control was conducted Qatar between January 1 December 18, 2021, utilizing sample 238,896 PCR-positive tests 6,533,739 PCR-negative tests. Vaccine effectiveness estimated asymptomatic, symptomatic, disease 2019 (COVID-19), critical COVID-19, fatal COVID-19 infections. Data sources included Qatar's national databases for laboratory testing, vaccination, hospitalization, death. Effectiveness two-dose vaccination 75.6% (95% CI: 73.6–77.5) asymptomatic 76.5% 75.1–77.9) symptomatic each severe, critical, infections surpassed 90%. Immediately after second dose, all categories—namely, COVID-19—exhibited similarly high effectiveness. However, from 181 270 days post-second declined below 40%, while remained consistently high. estimates often had wide 95% confidence intervals. Analogous observed three-dose two- vaccination. Sensitivity analyses confirmed results. gradient vaccine exists is linked severity infection, providing higher more cases. intensifies over time as immunity wanes last dose. These appear consistent irrespective type or whether involves primary series booster.

Language: Английский

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History of primary-series and booster vaccination and protection against Omicron reinfection

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(40)

Published: Oct. 4, 2023

Laboratory evidence suggests a possibility of immune imprinting for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We investigated the differences in incidence SARS-CoV-2 reinfection cohort persons who had primary Omicron infection, but different vaccination histories using matched, national, retrospective, studies. Adjusted hazard ratio incidence, factoring adjustment testing rate, was 0.43 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.39 to 0.49] comparing history two-dose no vaccination, 1.47 (95% CI: 1.23 1.76) three-dose and 0.57 0.48 0.68) vaccination. Divergence cumulative curves increased markedly when dominated by BA.4/BA.5 BA.2.75* subvariants. The primary-series enhanced protection against reinfection, booster compromised reinfection. These findings do not undermine public health utility

Language: Английский

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Immunological effectiveness of the booster Soberana Plus vaccine (FINLAY-FR-1A)

Health and Ecology Issues, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 21(4), P. 26 - 36

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

Objective . To assess the efficacy of immunogenicity Soberana Plus (FINLAY-FR-1A) vaccine in adults previously vaccinated against COVID-19. Materials and methods A total 98 participants participated study. The was studied by measuring IgG concentration to SARS-CoV-2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at 4 study sites: day 0, 42 days, 90 days 180 after administration. Results Participants were divided into groups based on their primary immunization: 1) Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac) / Light; 2) Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV); 3) (BBIBP-CorV) + (Gam-COVIDVac) Light. highest level observed administration booster dose (p< 0,001). At “90 day” point, levels higher with Light (BBIBP-CorV), however, this group had before In vaccination, age “45 plus” level, compared “25-45 years old” (р=0,048). Conclusion is quite immunogenic. marked (р

Language: Английский

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Evaluating Hospital Admission Data as Indicators of COVID-19 Severity: A National Assessment in Qatar

Open Forum Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(3)

Published: Feb. 17, 2025

Abstract Background Accurately assessing SARS-CoV-2 infection severity is essential for understanding the health impact of and evaluating effectiveness interventions. This study investigated whether SARS-CoV-2–associated hospitalizations can reliably measure true COVID-19 severity. Methods The diagnostic accuracy acute care ICU as indicators was assessed in Qatar from 6 September 2021 to 13 May 2024. WHO criteria severe, critical, fatal served reference standard. Two were assessed: (1) any hospitalization or beds (2) ICU-only hospitalizations. Results A total 644 176 infections analyzed. percent agreement between (acute ICU) 98.7% (95% confidence interval (CI), 98.6–98.7); however, Cohen's kappa only 0.17 CI, 0.16–0.18), indicating poor agreement. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, negative predictive value 100% 99.6–100), 98.6–98.7), 9.7% 9.1–10.3), 100–100), respectively. For hospitalizations, 99.8% 99.8–99.9), with a 0.47 0.44–0.50), fair-to-good 46.6% 43.4–49.9), 99.9% 99.9–99.9), 47.9% 44.6–51.2), Conclusions Generic hospital admissions are unreliable severity, whereas somewhat more accurate. findings demonstrate importance applying specific, robust criteria—such criteria—to reduce bias epidemiological vaccine studies.

Language: Английский

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All-cause mortality according to COVID-19 vaccination status: An analysis of the UK office for National statistics public data

F1000Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13, P. 886 - 886

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

Background The mass vaccination campaign against COVID-19 has been commonly considered the best response to global pandemic crisis. However, assessment of its real-world effect can be performed by analysis all-cause mortality status. UK is perhaps only country which made publicly available data Methods Data from April 2021 May 2023 published Office for National Statistics (ONS) were retrospectively analyzed age groups and status; standardized ratio (SMR) non-COVID-19 was calculated corresponding unvaccinated groups. Results We found that across all groups, SMRs increased a certain date, dependent on group. Across initially much lower than 1. due their increase, date 18-39, 80-89 90+ they exceeded reference value. For other at SMR would reach 1 predicted, provided trend maintained. Non-COVID-19 SMRs’ trends very similar. Their initial values are suggestive significant biases in ONS dataset, leading underestimate risks vaccinated people, as it implausible vaccines protect deaths. Conclusions increase over time death people compared unvaccinated, excess should carefully understand underlying factors. Furthermore, since 1, we assume presence understimate It desirable major countries systematically collect status and, meantime, pending indepth investigations, greater caution exercised promoting campaigns.

Language: Английский

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Duration of mild acute SARS-CoV-2 infections with Omicron depending on previous vaccinations and infections – Using data of the German DigiHero cohort study from post-pandemic winters 2022/2023 and 2023/2024

Journal of Infection and Public Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(6), P. 102746 - 102746

Published: March 12, 2025

Protection against severe course of SARS-CoV-2 infection after COVID-19 vaccination or was extensively studied. It is unknown whether this effect also translates into shortened duration mild infections. We assessed the symptoms depending on status and previous infections among individuals with a infection. For two post-pandemic winters (2022/2023 2023/2024), in total 13,615 participants German DigiHero study reported their from September to March. Via negative binomial regression adjusting for sociodemographic factors, we studied association (days bed) number vaccinations, prior infections, time since last vaccination/and noted no major differences vaccinations short (≤21 days symptoms). Per 6 months vaccination, symptom spent bed increased by 2 % 4 %. The risk long (>21 symptoms) higher (Odds Ratio: 1.98; 95 confidence interval [1.43; 2.76]), but not (OR: 0.98; CI [0.74; 1.33]). There indication reduced during A protective prolonged disease

Language: Английский

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Long-term immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/5 mRNA booster in people living with HIV

Communications Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: March 27, 2025

Variant-adapted vaccines are recommended in vulnerable populations to address the waning immunity and emergence of immune-escaping SARS-CoV-2 variants, yet data about immune responses such people living with HIV (PLWH) limited. We therefore aimed assess long-term an original–BA.4/5 mRNA booster this population. In prospective longitudinal study, PLWH receiving either bivalent or original monovalent HIV-negative healthcare workers (HCWs) a were enrolled sampled before (T0), 1 month (T1), 4–9 months (T2) after vaccine administration. SARS-CoV-2–specific T B cells, RBD-binding antibodies, RBD-blocking antibodies against both wild type (WT) omicron BA.4/5 virus determined. The is able transiently increase humoral polyfunctional cell PLWH, comparable those observed HCWs. While cross-reactive viral variants stable over time, imprinted ancestral wanes quickly. Furthermore, whilst previous infection does not affect trajectory vaccine-elicited responses, markers HIV-related dysfunction associated lower antibody peak higher waning. Lastly, was superior one inducing BA.4/5-reactive antibodies. highly immunogenic virus, although blunted less durable immunity. adapted recently circulating populations, as (PLWH). we studied newly designed cohort. showed that could stimulate small proteins body produces SAR-CoV-2 mutant fight virus. This new design produced improved compared older designs, but compromised system have short-lived protection evolving Augello et al. Omicron HIV. enhances immunity, virus; reduces durability.

Language: Английский

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Turning point in COVID-19 severity and fatality during the pandemic: a national cohort study in Qatar

BMJ Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1(1), P. e000479 - e000479

Published: Oct. 1, 2023

To assess the evolution of COVID-19 severity and fatality in a unique setting that consistently applied, throughout pandemic, rigorous standardised criteria for defining severe outcomes. We conducted national cohort study on 312 109 Qatari citizens to investigate incidence severe, critical or fatal classified according WHO between 28 February 2020 21 April 2023. Incidence rates were estimated during pre-omicron phase, first omicron wave, combined phases pandemic. Cumulative after 3.14 years follow-up was 0.45% (95% CI 0.43% 0.47%). rate pandemic 1.43 1.35 1.50) per 1000 person years. In phases, it 2.01 1.90 2.13), 3.70 3.25 4.22) 2.18 2.07 2.30) years, respectively. The post-first phase saw drastic drop 0.10 0.08 0.14) 95.4% reduction. Among all cases, 99.5% occurred primary infection. 0.042% 0.036% 0.050%), with an 0.13 0.11 0.16) decreased by 90.0% compared earlier stages. Both exhibited exponential increase age linear number coexisting conditions. conclusion wave turning point While vaccination enhanced case management reduced gradually, rapid accumulation natural immunity appears have played role driving this shift severity.

Language: Английский

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Immunogenicity of a bivalent BA.1 COVID-19 booster vaccine in people with HIV in the Netherlands

AIDS, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 38(9), P. 1355 - 1365

Published: May 24, 2024

Objective: We evaluated the immunogenicity of a bivalent BA.1 COVID-19 booster vaccine in people with HIV (PWH). Design: Prospective observational cohort study. Methods: PWH aged ≥45 years received Wuhan-BA.1 mRNA-1273.214 and those <45 BNT162b2. Participants were propensity score-matched 1 : 2 to without (non-PWH) by age, primary platform (mRNA-based or vector-based), number prior boosters SARS-CoV-2 infections, spike (S1)-specific antibodies on day administration. The endpoint was geometric mean ratio (GMR) ancestral S1-specific from 0 28 compared non-PWH. Secondary endpoints included humoral responses, T-cell responses cytokine up 180 days post-vaccination. Results: Forty ( N = 35) BNT162b2 5) following mRNA-based 29) vector-based 11) vaccination. predominantly male (87% vs. 26% non-PWH) median 57 [interquartile range (IQR) 53–59]. Their CD4 + count 775 (IQR 511–965) plasma HIV-RNA load <50 copies/ml 39/40. GMR post-vaccination comparable between [4.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.24–6.19] non-PWH (4.07, CI 3.42–4.83). antibody days, 90 Interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 concentrations increased PWH. Conclusion: A immunogenic well treated PWH, eliciting However, waned faster after

Language: Английский

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All-cause mortality according to COVID-19 vaccination status: An analysis of the UK office for National statistics public data

F1000Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13, P. 886 - 886

Published: Aug. 5, 2024

Background The mass vaccination campaign against COVID-19 has been commonly considered the best response to global pandemic crisis. However, assess its real-world overall effects, way can be analysis of all-cause mortality by status. UK is perhaps only country which made publicly available data Methods Data from April 2021 May 2023 published Office for National Statistics (ONS) were retrospectively analyzed age groups and status; standardized ratio (SMR) non-COVID-19 was calculated corresponding unvaccinated groups. Results We found that across all groups, SMRs increased a certain date, dependent on group. Across initially much lower than 1. due their increase, date 18-39, 80-89 90+ they exceeded reference value. For other at SMR would reach 1 predicted, provided trend maintained. Non-COVID-19 SMRs’ trends very similar. Their initial values are suggestive significant biases in ONS dataset, leading underestimate risks vaccinated people, as it implausible vaccines protect deaths. Conclusions increase over time death people compared unvaccinated, excess should carefully understand underlying factors. It desirable major countries systematically collect status and, meantime, moratorium promoting campaigns implemented.

Language: Английский

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