Hydrothermal Carbonization of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Biomass: Migration, Transformation, and Ecological Stability Changes of Metals DOI Open Access

Jieni Wang,

Shuqin Zhang,

Chenlin Wei

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(6), P. 2551 - 2551

Published: March 12, 2025

Developing effective treatment technologies for heavy metal-contaminated biomass is of great environmental significance. This study explores the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) contaminated with metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb), focusing on migration, transformation, ecological stability these during process. Biomass samples were treated under subcritical conditions at varying temperatures (170–260 °C) reaction times (1–4 h). Results showed that mainly enriched in biochar (>98%), Cu predominantly transformed into metallic copper (Cu0), Zn tended to form stable organometallic complexes or remain non-volatile forms, Pb coexisted both carbonate species, Cd converted oxidized states. The transformation was influenced by parameters, such as temperature time, which affected their immobilization structural properties prepared hydrochar. Tessier extraction experiments unstable state (F1, F2) hydrochar obviously reduced from 17.9% 6.8%, significantly stabilized compared original biomass. research highlights potential HTC a dual-purpose technology conversion metal remediation, offering insights stabilizing contaminants producing environmentally products.

Language: Английский

Hydrothermal Carbonization of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Biomass: Migration, Transformation, and Ecological Stability Changes of Metals DOI Open Access

Jieni Wang,

Shuqin Zhang,

Chenlin Wei

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(6), P. 2551 - 2551

Published: March 12, 2025

Developing effective treatment technologies for heavy metal-contaminated biomass is of great environmental significance. This study explores the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) contaminated with metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb), focusing on migration, transformation, ecological stability these during process. Biomass samples were treated under subcritical conditions at varying temperatures (170–260 °C) reaction times (1–4 h). Results showed that mainly enriched in biochar (>98%), Cu predominantly transformed into metallic copper (Cu0), Zn tended to form stable organometallic complexes or remain non-volatile forms, Pb coexisted both carbonate species, Cd converted oxidized states. The transformation was influenced by parameters, such as temperature time, which affected their immobilization structural properties prepared hydrochar. Tessier extraction experiments unstable state (F1, F2) hydrochar obviously reduced from 17.9% 6.8%, significantly stabilized compared original biomass. research highlights potential HTC a dual-purpose technology conversion metal remediation, offering insights stabilizing contaminants producing environmentally products.

Language: Английский

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