Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
119(6), P. 3510 - 3673
Published: March 4, 2019
In
the
last
few
decades,
pharmaceuticals,
credited
with
saving
millions
of
lives,
have
emerged
as
a
new
class
environmental
contaminant.
These
compounds
can
both
chronic
and
acute
harmful
effects
on
natural
flora
fauna.
The
presence
pharmaceutical
contaminants
in
ground
waters,
surface
waters
(lakes,
rivers,
streams),
sea
water,
wastewater
treatment
plants
(influents
effluents),
soils,
sludges
has
been
well
doccumented.
A
range
methods
including
oxidation,
photolysis,
UV-degradation,
nanofiltration,
reverse
osmosis,
adsorption
used
for
their
remediation
from
aqueous
systems.
Many
commercially
limited
by
toxic
sludge
generation,
incomplete
removal,
high
capital
operating
costs,
need
skilled
maintenance
personnel.
Adsorption
technologies
are
low-cost
alternative,
easily
developing
countries
where
there
is
dearth
advanced
technologies,
personnel,
available
capital,
appears
to
be
most
broadly
feasible
removal
method.
integrated
(WWTPs).
Herein,
we
reviewed
literature
(1990–2018)
illustrating
rising
contamination
concerns
efforts
emphasizing
adsorption.
Environment International,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
136, P. 105454 - 105454
Published: Feb. 4, 2020
Interest
in
the
risks
posed
by
trace
concentrations
of
pharmaceuticals
and
personal
care
products
(PPCPs)
surface
waters
is
increasing,
particularly
with
regard
to
potential
effects
long-term,
low-dose
exposures
aquatic
organisms.
In
most
cases,
actual
studies
on
PPCPs
were
risk
assessments
at
screening-level,
accurate
estimates
scarce.
this
study,
exposure
ecotoxicity
data
50
collected
based
our
previous
studies,
a
multiple-level
environmental
assessment
was
performed.
The
selected
are
likely
be
frequently
detected
China,
ranging
from
ng
L-1
low-g
L-1,
quotients
median
ranged
2046
for
nonylphenol
0
phantolide.
A
semi-probabilistic
approach
screened
33
that
organisms,
among
which
15
chemicals
(nonylphenol,
sulfamethoxazole,
di
(2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate,
17β-ethynyl
estradiol,
caffeine,
tetracycline,
17β-estradiol,
estrone,
dibutyl
ibuprofen,
carbamazepine,
tonalide,
galaxolide,
triclosan,
bisphenol
A)
categorized
as
priority
compounds
according
an
optimized
assessment,
then
refined
probabilistic
indicated
12
them
low
high
ecosystem,
maximum
1.54%
17.38%.
Based
these
results,
we
propose
appropriate
screening
contaminants
national
scale,
when
more
estimation
required,
probability
useful.
methodology
process
might
provide
reference
other
research
chemical
evaluation
management
rivers,
lakes,
sea
waters.
Journal of Hazardous Materials,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
424, P. 127284 - 127284
Published: Sept. 22, 2021
Pharmaceuticals
and
personal
care
products
(PPCPs)
are
found
in
wastewater,
thus,
the
environment.
In
this
study,
current
knowledge
about
occurrence
fate
of
PPCPs
aquatic
systems-including
wastewater
treatment
plants
(WWTPs)
natural
waters
around
world-is
critically
reviewed
to
inform
state
science
highlight
existing
gaps.
Excretion
by
humans
is
primary
route
entry
into
municipal
systems,
but
significant
contributions
also
occur
through
emissions
from
hospitals,
manufacturers,
agriculture.
Abundance
raw
influenced
several
factors,
including
population
density
demography
served
WWTPs,
presence
hospitals
drugs
manufacturers
sewershed,
disease
burden
served,
local
regulations,
climatic
conditions.
Based
on
data
obtained
analgesics,
antibiotics,
stimulants
(e.g.,
caffeine)
most
abundant
wastewater.
conventional
removal
occurs
during
secondary
treatment,
overall
exceeds
90%
for
treatable
PPCPs.
Regardless,
total
PPCP
mass
discharged
with
effluent
an
average
WWTP
receiving
(7.35-20,160
g/day)
still
considerable,
because
potential
adverse
effects
some
(such
as
ibuprofen)
organisms
within
measured
concentrations
surface
waters.
