Tamm review: Drought-induced Scots pine mortality – trends, contributing factors, and mechanisms

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 561, P. 121873 - 121873

Published: April 3, 2024

A recent increase in the intensity and frequency of climate extremes under global warming is likely to continue cause unprecedented rates forest dieback different habitats around world. As one most widely distributed tree species, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) has experienced widespread mortality over past two decades many those forests transitioned broadleaved dominance inducing massive changes ecosystem functioning services. Here, we synthesize factors processes underlying drought-induced mortality. Our review identifies agreement across studies on impact drought, prevalence crown defoliation prior mortality, influence stand density ecological growth memory, as well presence biotic agents, such insects mistletoes. Studies generally agree that drought triggered self-thinning plays an important role. The post-mortality seems far below comparable pre-drought numbers trees per hectare, which indicates a significant reduction productivity stands. Most surprisingly, show while early-2000 s occurred at species' arid distribution limits, high are now also reported from climatic optimum where conditions used be more beneficial. Extreme droughts 2003, 2015 2018 causing this observed pattern, may indicate extreme could challenge growing climatically favorable areas. level acclimation strategies lowering leaf area enhancing water-use efficiency stand-level adjustments including apparently not sufficient prevent induced by frequent associated agents (insects mistletoes). However, still lack clear understanding linking functional species local variation fully understand capabilities grow survive future climate.

Language: Английский

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Climate sensitive growth and yield models in Canadian forestry: Challenges and opportunities

The Forestry Chronicle, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 100(1), P. 88 - 106

Published: Feb. 26, 2024

Growth and yield models in forest management planning are used to project future conditions estimate quantities such as wood volume biomass. These crucial for assessing sustainability, however, some currently Canada do not adequately account climate other environmental variables, which limits their effectiveness under a changing climate. Climate-sensitive growth (CSGYMs) therefore urgently needed support decisions. The Canadian Forest Service (CFS) has developed strategic plan advance climate-sensitive modeling through collaboration with provincial territorial agencies, well partners. primary objective of this is provide national-level modelling approach predicting managing growth, mortality, ecosystem services. sensitive initiative emphasizes collaboration, open data, open-source code principles ensure widespread accessibility uptake models, thus contributing the sustainable resources. This technical review reports on status applied each province territory, assesses level sensitivity associated these synthesizes relevant approaches input data required implement into suggests possible pathways achieving CSGYM at national scale. Widespread will be key advancing development CSGYMs.

Language: Английский

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Higher site productivity and stand age enhance forest susceptibility to drought-induced mortality

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 341, P. 109680 - 109680

Published: Aug. 26, 2023

Warmer and drier conditions increase forest mortality worldwide. At the same time, nitrogen deposition, longer growing seasons higher atmospheric CO2 concentrations may site productivity accelerating growth. However, tree physiological studies suggest that increased can also have adverse effects, reducing adaptation to drought. Understanding such intricate interactions might foster is essential for designing activities policies aimed at preserving forests ecosystem services they provide. This study shows how factors stand features affect susceptibility of Scots pine drought-induced stand-level mortality. We use extensive data covering 750,000 ha, including 47,450 managed stands, which 2,547 were affected by during drought in 2015–2019. found oldest most dense stands on productive sites showed highest enhanced Our findings increasing accelerate intensity prevalence Therefore, climate change mortality, particularly old high-productive forests. Such exacerbated should be considered carbon sink projections, management, designed resilience protect ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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From single trees to country-wide maps: Modeling mortality rates in Germany based on the Crown Condition Survey

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 568, P. 122081 - 122081

Published: July 5, 2024

Most years in the period from 2018 to 2022 have been exceptionally dry Central Europe. In Germany's forests, this long-lasting drought has caused unprecedented tree mortality. Systematic ground-based surveys, such as annual Crown Condition Survey, provide information on vitality status of different species and their mortality rates. However, models are needed be able map spatial patterns for each based cause-effect relationships derived field observations. study, logistic regression were used identify most important drivers Germany. For purpose, dead surviving trees Survey combined with a large set potential predictor variables domains climate, topography, soil, land cover deposition. After feature selection, evaluated using area under curve (AUC) statistic. Norway spruce (Picea abies; AUC = 0.9) showed by far greatest increase mortality, country-wide average observed predicted rates approaching almost 10% per year 2020 2022, much higher at regional level. Much was explained climatic water balance driest summer previous years. The other main also clear responses conditions. case European beech (Fagus sylvatica; 0.94) Pedunculate Sessile oak (Quercus robur petraea; 0.88), peaks time series stayed below 1%. these broadleaved species, more dependent range site conditions, i.e., soil topography. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris; 0.76), which rate peaked 1.2% 2020, given could explain only lesser degree than species. prediction produce maps species-specific temporal 100-m resolution, covering all 1998 2022. visualize over time. regions western central Germany, seriously affected dieback can clearly identified. presented risk assessment, forest planning, providing decision support practitioners.

Language: Английский

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“Mortality, or not mortality, that is the question …”: How to Treat Removals in Tree Survival Analysis of Central European Managed Forests

Plants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 248 - 248

Published: Jan. 15, 2024

Tree mortality is an objective forest health criterion and particularly suitable for long-term large-scale studies of condition. However, it impossible to determine actual tree in Central European managed forests where trees are removed various reasons. In this case, the only way approximate define range which occurs. This can be carried out by including calculations either dead that remain stand at end assessment period or additionally have been from stand. We used data annual monitoring surveys Poland 2009 2022 pine, spruce, oak birch perform a survival analysis we included all removals sanitary cuttings as censored complete observations. The differences between calculated rates were significant, indicating importance how treated analysis. To assess method calculation was more appropriate, compared values last recorded defoliation severity damage live, thinned salvaged trees. For species studied, significant found sanitation cuts living thinning, suggesting not remaining forest, but also cuts, should considered when calculating stands. recommend use routine assessing

Language: Английский

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Evaluating the Development and Application of Stand Density Index for the Management of Complex and Adaptive Forests

Current Forestry Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 133 - 152

Published: Feb. 8, 2024

Language: Английский

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Mapping spatiotemporal mortality patterns in Spruce mountain forests using Sentinel-2 data and environmental factors

Ecological Informatics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 103074 - 103074

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Potential of Earth Observation to Assess the Impact of Climate Change and Extreme Weather Events in Temperate Forests—A Review

Remote Sensing, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(12), P. 2224 - 2224

Published: June 19, 2024

Temperate forests are particularly exposed to climate change and the associated increase in weather extremes. Droughts, storms, late frosts, floods, heavy snowfalls, or changing climatic conditions such as rising temperatures more erratic precipitation having an increasing impact on forests. There is urgent need better assess impacts of extreme events (EWEs) temperate Remote sensing can be used map at multiple spatial, temporal, spectral resolutions low cost. Different approaches forest assessment offer promising methods for a broad analysis EWEs. In this review, we examine potential Earth observation assessing EWEs by reviewing 126 scientific papers published between 1 January 2014 31 2024. This study provides comprehensive overview sensors utilized, spatial temporal resolution studies, their distribution, thematic focus various abiotic drivers resulting responses. The indicates that multispectral, non-high-resolution timeseries were employed most frequently. A predominant proportion studies droughts. all instances EWEs, dieback prevailing response, whereas trends, phenology shifts account largest share response categories. detailed in-depth differentiation implies area-wide have so far barely distinguished effects different species level.

Language: Английский

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Investigating the tsunami-mitigating properties of vegetated coastal areas in Pacitan Bay, Indonesia: A synergistic approach of numerical modelling and field observations

Journal of Earth System Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 133(1)

Published: Feb. 22, 2024

Language: Английский

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Remote sensing for site selection in vegetation survey along a successional gradient in post‐industrial vegetation

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(8)

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Abstract Vegetation characteristics are an important proxy to measure the outcome of ecological restoration and monitor vegetation changes. Similarly, classification remotely sensed images is a prerequisite for many field studies. We have limited understanding how remote sensing approach can be utilized classify spontaneous in post‐industrial spoil heaps that dominate urban areas. aimed assess whether objective priori using data allows ecologically interpretable division. hypothesized sensing‐based clusters will differ alpha diversity, species, functional composition; thereby providing division study sites further analyses. acquired remote‐sensing from Sentinel 2A each studied heap July September 2020. recorded vascular plant species their abundance across 400 plots on post‐coal mine Upper Silesia, Poland. assessed differences diversity indices community‐weighted means (CWMs) among units. Analysis revealed five reflected transition successional gradients. composition showed 1st (early‐succession), 3rd (late‐succession), 5th (mid‐succession) had 13, 10, 12 exclusive indicator respectively, however, 2nd 4th only one species. While 1st, 2nd, combined into single cluster we found lowest richness (late‐succession) highest (mid‐succession). Shannon's index similar trend. In contrast, significantly higher phylogenetic diversity. The dispersion. Our underscored significance surveys. It also highlighted between types along gradient post‐mining heaps.

Language: Английский

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