Sustainability, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(20), P. 8990 - 8990
Published: Oct. 17, 2024
Grasping how scale influences the interactions among ecosystem services (ESs) is vital for sustainable management of multiple ESs at regional level. However, it currently unclear whether actual ES and their driving mechanisms are consistent across different spatial temporal scales. Therefore, using Lishui River Basin China as a case study, we analyzed distribution five key three scales (grid, sub-watershed, county) from 2010 to 2020. We also innovatively used Pearson correlation analysis, Self-organizing Mapping (SOM), random forest analysis assess dynamic trends trade-offs/synergies ESs, service bundles (ESBs), main socio-ecological drivers spatiotemporal The findings showed that (1) varied with land use types, high-value areas mainly in western northern mountainous regions lower values eastern part. Temporally, significant improvements were observed soil conservation (SC, 3028.23–5023.75 t/hm2) water yield (WY, 558.79–969.56 mm), while carbon sequestration (CS) habitat quality (HQ) declined (2) trade-offs synergies exhibited enhanced larger scales, being predominant relationship. These relationships remained relatively stable over time, pairs related nitrogen export (NE). (3) ESBs At grid scale, frequent ESB flows transformations observed, use/land cover (LULC) drivers. other climate (especially temperature) topography dominant. Ecosystem focused on city or downstream east basin, aligning urban expansion trends. insights will offer valuable guidance decision-making regarding hierarchical strategies resource allocation ESs.
Language: Английский