Transaction Costs in Agri-Environment-Climate Measures: A Review of the Literature

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(9), P. 7454 - 7454

Published: May 1, 2023

Agri-environment-climate measures (AECMs) represent a transaction of ecological capital between the government as buyer agri-environmental goods and services produced in farmland farmer seller. As such, they involve costs (TC) that serve to safeguard from opportunistic behavior, problems related measurement, other risks can occur contractual relationship. These are an important factor design implementation any policy. However, analyzing TC is not easy. Several definitions have been proposed, different strategies used measure these costs. Despite growing interest this topic, research addressing analysis AECMs has rather scarce lacking systematic approach make studies comparable their results generalizable. This review article aims provide detailed overview current state by exploring differences methodological approaches, objectives, scope among most relevant available summarizing significant findings. It was observed there across linked objectives terms geographical context which implemented, actors involved program, aimed toward analysis. sharpest difference approach, cases focused on quantitative Most variation magnitude determinants AECMs, often depended characteristics schemes institutional environment were well factors specific and/or farming business.

Language: Английский

Toward more equitable ecosystem investment programs—Adaptation and equity are central to the design and functioning of successful water funds

Conservation Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(6)

Published: Aug. 8, 2023

Abstract Projects designed to incentivize ecosystem management for societal benefits are becoming increasingly popular and often touted as win–win solutions social environmental challenges. Yet, there important concerns about the equity justice implications of these programs, is strong evidence that a lack attention can exacerbate or create inequities. We focus on water funds, subset watershed investment programs being scaled globally. specifically discuss how three long‐standing Andean have shifted through time toward greater justice. argue shifts, while imperfect, been critical their durability that, more generally, continued alignment nature‐based with broader essential long‐term success.

Language: Английский