Agronomy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(11), P. 2472 - 2472
Published: Oct. 23, 2024
Optimizing
nitrogen
(N)
fertilizer
combination
is
a
crucial
measure
to
maximize
yield
and
production
efficiency
in
maize-soybean
strip
intercropping
system
(MSSI).
In
this
field
experiment,
six
maize/soybean
N
input
combinations
(0
kg
ha−1,
F0;
255/30
F1;
255/45
F2;
255/60
F3;
210/45
F4;
300/45
F5)
were
set
2022
2023.
The
results
indicated
that
optimizing
(maize/soybean,
ha−1)
could
synergistically
increase
economic
benefits.
Path
analysis
showed
the
grain
numbers
maize
soybean
emerged
as
most
critical
yield-affecting
factors.
Compared
with
F0,
F5
highest
during
2-year
net
return
increased
by
86.1%
(F1),
133.3%
(F2),
87.4%
(F3),
104.7%
(F4),
128.3%
(F5),
respectively.
under
F2
notably
enhanced
leaf
area
index
(LAI)
of
at
milk
stage
(R3)
full
pod
(R4).
Additionally,
optimization
distribution
stems
tassel
(VT)
leaves
initial
flowering
(R1)
facilitated
dry
matter
accumulation
maturity
stage,
resulting
final
land
equivalent
ratios
(LER)
1.44
1.55,
Our
provide
more
valuable
for
summer
planting
areas
(sandy
soil
areas)
Huang-Huai-Hai
southern
China,
thus
promoting
wider
application
MSSI.
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(1)
Published: March 31, 2024
Abstract
Europe
imports
large
amounts
of
soybean
that
are
predominantly
used
for
livestock
feed,
mainly
sourced
from
Brazil,
USA
and
Argentina.
In
addition,
the
demand
GM-free
human
consumption
is
project
to
increase.
Soybean
has
higher
protein
quality
digestibility
than
other
legumes,
along
with
high
concentrations
isoflavones,
phytosterols
minerals
enhance
nutritional
value
as
a
food
ingredient.
Here,
we
examine
potential
increase
production
across
feed
direct
consumption,
review
possible
effects
on
environment
health.
Simulations
field
data
indicate
rainfed
yields
3.1
±
1.2
t
ha
−1
southern
UK
through
(compared
3.5
average
North
America).
Drought-prone
regions
cooler
northern
require
breeding
incorporate
stress-tolerance
traits.
Literature
synthesized
in
this
work
evidenced
properties
important
nutrition,
health,
traits
related
processing
compared
alternative
sources.
While
acknowledging
uncertainties
inherent
any
modelling
exercise,
our
findings
suggest
further
integrating
into
European
agriculture
could
reduce
GHG
emissions
by
37–291
Mt
CO
2e
year
fertiliser
N
use
0.6–1.2
,
concurrently
improving
health
nutrition.
Field Crops Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
308, P. 109307 - 109307
Published: Feb. 16, 2024
Under
Mediterranean
rainfed
areas,
no-till
cereal-based
systems
have
been
adopted
to
cope
with
water
availability
and
increasing
input
costs.
However,
the
increased
risk
of
biotic
stresses,
high
N-fertilizer
dependence,
current
EU
policies
warrant
cropping
re-design.
Evaluate
diversification
N
fertilization
as
strategies
improve
use
efficiency
at
system
level
quantify
its
productivity.
Four
crop
sequences
combined
four
levels
were
assessed
in
a
three-year
field
experiment
semiarid
north-eastern
Spain.
Crop
continuous
winter
wheat
(WCS)
diversified
rotations
pea
(PCS),
faba
bean
(FCS),
or
multi-service
cover
(MSCS)
two
years
cereals.
Crop,
pre-crop
considered.
Agronomic
evaluation
included
crops
above-ground
biological
fixation
(Ndfa),
net
balance
(Ndfa
minus
removed
by
grain),
soil
mineralisation
productivity,
energy
tradeoff
(ENT),
protein
(NUEp)
production.
Pea
yields
ranged
from
0
766
kg
ha−1
Ndfa
24%
54%.
Faba
yield
1378
4251
32%
72%.
Net
was
close
neutral
for
while
it
41
−21
ha−1.
Alternative
pre-crops
led
greater
(51
ha−1,
on
average)
higher
(564
compared
pre-crop.
yields,
FCS
presenting
highest
all
fertilizer
rates.
This
effect
stable
NUEp
(1.69
supply−1),
proportionally
supply.
Diversification
improved
succeeding
performance
grain
legumes
exceeded
removal.
Introducing
into
decrease
productivity
system.
production
than
any
other
regardless
rate.
adds
challenges
risks
dry
areas.
study
shows
that
can
system's
dependence
increase
contributing
systems'
sustainability.
Field Crops Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
307, P. 109274 - 109274
Published: Jan. 28, 2024
The
EU
aims
to
improve
plant
protein
production
profitably
and
sustainably
with
a
range
of
grain
legumes
suitable
different
climatic
conditions.
Soybean
(Glycine
max
Merrill)
could
be
one
important
focus
as
the
crop
is
adapted
diverse
conditions
has
highest
content
per
kg
grain.
Under
Mediterranean
irrigated
conditions,
soybean
presents
high-yielding
potential,
either
an
annual
single
(SCS)
or
part
sequential
double
cropping
system
(DCS)
following
winter
crop.
However,
lack
experimental
data
knowledge
in
some
southern
areas
like
Spain,
led
use
rather
early
maturity
groups
(referring
experiences
from
more
northern
eastern
areas)
that
are
underperforming
latitudes
(i.e.
<
42°
N).
were
(i)
explore
later
than
currently
used
for
SCS
DCS
(ii)
quantify
drivers
their
performance
under
A
field
experiment
was
carried
out
NE
Spain
(2019,
2020
2021)
split-plot
design
four
replications.
In
main
plots,
sowing
dates
tested.
sub-plots,
8–13
cultivars
tested
year
covering
MG
00
late
III.
Five
biomass
sampling
during
development
performed
fit
growth
curve
every
date.
Grain
yield,
content,
grains
m−2,
thousand-grain
weight,
1st
pod
height
biological
N
fixation
measured
at
physiological
maturity.
asymptote
showed
strongest
correlation
yield
(r
=
0.95)
number
m−2
0.88).
Consistent
higher
yields
II
III
(4476
5314
ha−1,
respectively)
found
compared
earlier
MG.
concentration
reduced
but
all
cases
exceeded
40
g
100
g−1.
DCS,
reduction
25
%
observed,
mainly
caused
by
fewer
m−2.
Biological
low
(30
g−1,
on
average),
resulting
high
residual
soil
N.
SCS,
(II
III)
increases
yields.
further
research
exploring
would
better
define
potential
these
systems.
While
agronomic
promising,
technical
aspects
such
harvesting
date
(moisture,
shattering,
etc.)
slight
(although
still
above
g−1)
should
considered.
Our
study
proposes
shift
towards
systems
strategy
its
competitiveness
and,
likely,
farmer's
adoption.
This
highlights
expand
potential.
Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 10, 2025
Abstract
Legume
crop
rotation
and
moderate
nitrogen
application
have
been
widely
recognized
in
maintaining
production
improving
soil
quality.
However,
the
mechanism
of
how
soybean
stubble
combined
with
appropriate
reduction
regulates
winter
wheat
growth,
uptake,
especially
ecosystem
multifunctionality
(EMF),
remain
unclear.
Therefore,
a
two-year
field
experiment
was
conducted
using
three
different
preceding
crops
(Fallow-F,
Soybean-B
Maize-M)
rates
(N0,
N1
N2)
to
investigate
effects
legume
pre-crops
reduced
input
on
root
above-ground
dry
matter
accumulation
distribution,
uptake
utilization,
as
well
impact
yield
EMF
within
cropping
system.
Compared
F
M
stubbles,
B
significantly
promoted
aboveground
underground
growth
wheat,
increased
by
27.48%
33.35%,
respectively.
With
increase
rate,
absorption
under
each
stubble,
agronomic
efficiency
(NAE)
higher
than
N2
at
level.
also
improved
yield,
annual
economic
benefits
EMF,
best
performance
observed
N1,
where
BN1
were
average
70.87%
higher,
4.17
times
other
treatments.
Pearson
correlation
analysis
revealed
positive
relationships
between
weight
(RWD),
biomass
grain
accumulation,
yield.
These
findings
highlight
close
relationship
while
revealing
importance
This
study
provides
theoretical
support
for
incorporating
legumes
into
systems
reduce
chemical
fertilizer
use
enhance
multifunctionality.
