Implication of SARS-CoV-2 Immune Escape Spike Variants on Secondary and Vaccine Breakthrough Infections DOI Creative Commons
Liyana Ahmad

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Nov. 3, 2021

COVID-19 pandemic remains an on-going global health and economic threat that has amassed millions of deaths. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological agent this disease constantly under evolutionary pressures drive modification its genome which may represent a to efficacy current vaccines available. This article highlights facilitate rise new SARS-CoV-2 variants key mutations viral spike protein – L452R, E484K, N501Y D614G– promote immune escape mechanism warrant cautionary point for clinical public responses in terms re-infection, vaccine breakthrough infection therapeutic values.

Language: Английский

Human Basigin (CD147) Does Not Directly Interact with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein DOI Creative Commons
Robert J. Ragotte, David Pulido, Francesca R. Donnellan

et al.

mSphere, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 6(4)

Published: Aug. 11, 2021

Reducing the mortality and morbidity associated with COVID-19 remains a global health priority. Vaccines have proven highly effective at preventing infection hospitalization, but efforts must continue to improve treatment options for those who still become seriously ill.

Language: Английский

Citations

57
E-series resolvin metabolome, biosynthesis and critical role of stereochemistry of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) in inflammation-resolution: Preparing SPMs for long COVID-19, human clinical trials, and targeted precision nutrition DOI Creative Commons
Charles N. Serhan, Stephania Libreros, Robert Nshimiyimana

et al.

Seminars in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 59, P. 101597 - 101597

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

56
SARS-CoV-2: A Master of Immune Evasion DOI Creative Commons
Alberto Rubio‐Casillas, Elrashdy M. Redwan, Vladimir N. Uversky

et al.

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(6), P. 1339 - 1339

Published: June 7, 2022

Viruses and their hosts have coevolved for a long time. This coevolution places both the pathogen human immune system under selective pressure; on one hand, has evolved to combat viruses virally infected cells, while developed sophisticated mechanisms escape recognition destruction by system. SARS-CoV-2, that is causing current COVID-19 pandemic, shown remarkable ability antibody neutralization, putting vaccine efficacy at risk. One of virus’s evasion strategies mitochondrial sabotage: reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, physiology impaired, interferon antiviral response suppressed. Seminal studies identified an intra-cytoplasmatic pathway viral infection, which occurs through construction tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), hence enhancing infection avoiding surveillance. Another method evading monitoring disruption antigen presentation. In this scenario, SARS-CoV-2 reduces MHC-I molecule expression: SARS-CoV-2’s open reading frames (ORF 6 ORF 8) produce proteins specifically downregulate molecules. All these are also exploited other elude detection should be studied in depth improve effectiveness future treatments. Compared Wuhan strain or Delta variant, Omicron mutations impaired its generate syncytia, thus reducing pathogenicity. Conversely, allowed it neutralization preventing cellular recognition, making most contagious evasive variant date.

Language: Английский

Citations

53
Even patients with mild COVID‐19 symptoms after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection show prolonged altered red blood cell morphology and rheological parameters DOI
Marijke Grau,

Lars Ibershoff,

Jonas Zacher

et al.

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 26(10), P. 3022 - 3030

Published: April 13, 2022

Infection with the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and associated coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) might affect red blood cells (RBC); possibly altering oxygen supply. However, investigations of cell morphology RBC rheological parameters during a mild disease course are lacking thus, aim study. Fifty individuals COVID-19 process were tested after phase SARS-CoV-2 infection (37males/13 females), data compared to n = 42 healthy controls (30 males/12 females). Analysis venous samples, taken at rest, revealed higher percentage permanently elongated membrane extensions in patients. Haematological haemoglobin concentration, MCH MCV particular, highly altered COVID-19. deformability under an osmotic gradient significantly reduced Higher RBC-NOS activation was not capable least part counteract these reductions. Impaired also be related morphological changes and/or increased oxidative state. aggregation index remained unaffected. shear rates necessary balance aggregation-disaggregation patients which be, among others, changes. The suggest prolonged modifications system even course.

Language: Английский

Citations

50
Classification of lungs infected COVID-19 images based on inception-ResNet DOI
Yunfeng Chen, Ya‐Lan Lin,

Xiaodie Xu

et al.

Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 225, P. 107053 - 107053

Published: July 31, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

49
Coronavirus Infection and Cholesterol Metabolism DOI Creative Commons
Jun Dai, Huan Wang, Ying Liao

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: April 21, 2022

Host cholesterol metabolism remodeling is significantly associated with the spread of human pathogenic coronaviruses, suggesting virus-host relationships could be affected by cholesterol-modifying drugs. Cholesterol has an important role in coronavirus entry, membrane fusion, and pathological syncytia formation, therefore metabolic mechanisms may promising drug targets for infections. Moreover, its metabolizing enzymes or corresponding natural products exert antiviral effects which are closely individual viral steps during replication. Furthermore, disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 infections clinically significant low levels, function as a potential marker monitoring infection status. Therefore, weaponizing dysregulation against effective strategy. In this review, we comprehensively review literature to clarify how coronaviruses exploit host accommodate replication requirements interfere immune responses. We also focus on targeting homeostasis critical infection.

Language: Английский

Citations

47
Identification of Drug Interaction Adverse Events in Patients With COVID-19 DOI Creative Commons
Valeria Conti, Carmine Sellitto, Martina Torsiello

et al.

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 5(4), P. e227970 - e227970

Published: April 19, 2022

Importance

During the COVID-19 pandemic, urgent clinical management of patients has mainly included drugs currently administered for other diseases, referred to as repositioned drugs. As a result, some these have proved be not only ineffective but also harmful because adverse events associated with drug-drug interactions (DDIs).

Objective

To identify DDIs that led outcomes and/or drug reactions in by systematically reviewing literature and assessing value interaction checkers identifying such events.

Evidence Review

After identification used during Drugs.com, Drug Interactions, LexiComp, Medscape, WebMD were consulted analyze theoretical DDI-associated from March 1, 2020, through February 28, 2022. A systematic review was performed searching databases PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane articles published 2022, retrieve describing actual DDIs. The again evaluate their potential assess

Findings

identified reviewed involved 46 different In total, 575 58 pairs (305 at least 1 reaction) reported. most lopinavir ritonavir. Of 6917 studies, 20 met inclusion criteria. These which enrolled 1297 overall, reported 115 DDI-related events: 15 (26%) identifiable all tools analyzed, 29 (50%) them, 14 (24%) remained nonidentifiable.

Conclusions Relevance

main finding this is use could several reactions, including severe life-threatening Both between treat those already should evaluated.

Language: Английский

Citations

42
Solubility of Pholcodine (antitussive drug) in supercritical carbon dioxide: Experimental data and thermodynamic modeling DOI
Gholamhossein Sodeifian, Ratna Surya Alwi, Fariba Razmimanesh

et al.

Fluid Phase Equilibria, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 556, P. 113396 - 113396

Published: Jan. 15, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

39
Antitarget, Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Leads, Drugs, and the Drug Discovery–Genetics Alliance Perspective DOI Creative Commons
Cecilia Pozzi, Anne Vanet, Valeria Francesconi

et al.

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 66(6), P. 3664 - 3702

Published: March 1, 2023

The most advanced antiviral molecules addressing major SARS-CoV-2 targets (Main protease, Spike protein, and RNA polymerase), compared with proteins of other human pathogenic coronaviruses, may have a short-lasting clinical efficacy. Accumulating knowledge on the mechanisms underlying target structural basis, its mutational progression, related biological significance to virus replication allows envisaging development better-targeted therapies in context COVID-19 epidemic future coronavirus outbreaks. identification evolutionary patterns based solely sequence information analysis for those can provide meaningful insights into molecular basis host–pathogen interactions adaptation, leading drug resistance phenomena. Herein, we will explore how study observed predicted mutations offer valuable suggestions application so-called “synthetic lethal” strategy Main protease protein. synergy between genetics evidence discovery prioritize novel long-lasting agents.

Language: Английский

Citations

28
Interrelationship between COVID-19 and Coagulopathy: Pathophysiological and Clinical Evidence DOI Open Access
Beatrice Ragnoli,

Beatrice Da Re,

Alessandra Galantino

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(10), P. 8945 - 8945

Published: May 18, 2023

Since the first description of COVID-19 infection, among clinical manifestations disease, including fever, dyspnea, cough, and fatigue, it was observed a high incidence thromboembolic events potentially evolving towards acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) COVID-19-associated-coagulopathy (CAC). The hypercoagulation state is based on an interaction between thrombosis inflammation. so-called CAC represents key aspect in genesis organ damage from SARS-CoV-2. prothrombotic status can be explained by increase coagulation levels D-dimer, lymphocytes, fibrinogen, interleukin 6 (IL-6), prothrombin time. Several mechanisms have been hypothesized to explain this hypercoagulable process such as inflammatory cytokine storm, platelet activation, endothelial dysfunction, stasis for long purpose narrative review provide overview current knowledge pathogenic coagulopathy that may characterize infection inform new areas research. New vascular therapeutic strategies are also reviewed.

Language: Английский

Citations

23