ACS Environmental Au,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
4(4), P. 173 - 185
Published: April 30, 2024
Per-
and
polyfluoroalkyl
substances
(PFAS)
constitute
a
notorious
category
of
anthropogenic
contaminants,
detected
across
various
environmental
domains.
Among
these
PFAS,
perfluoroalkyl
acids
(PFAAs)
stand
out
as
focal
point
in
discussions
due
to
their
historical
industrial
utilization
prominence.
Their
extensive
adoption
is
direct
consequence
remarkable
stability
outstanding
amphiphilic
properties.
However,
very
traits
that
have
made
PFAAs
industrially
desirable
also
render
them
environmentally
catastrophic,
leading
adverse
consequences
for
ecosystems.
The
nature
has
highly
unique
the
landscape
contaminants
and,
thereby,
difficult
study.
We
believe
well-established
principles
from
surface
science
can
connect
accumulation
transport
environment.
Specifically,
we
discuss
role
interfacial
describing
stability,
uptake
(air–liquid
solid–liquid),
wetting
capability
PFAAs.
Surface
provide
new
insights
into
fate
PFAAs,
well
context
on
deleterious
effects
both
environment
human
health.
Frontiers in Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: Nov. 21, 2023
Microorganisms
play
pivotal
roles
in
shaping
ecosystems
and
biogeochemical
cycles.
Their
intricate
interactions
involve
complex
biochemical
processes.
Fourier
Transform-Infrared
(FT-IR)
spectroscopy
is
a
powerful
tool
for
monitoring
these
interactions,
revealing
microorganism
composition
responses
to
the
environment.
This
review
explores
diversity
of
applications
FT-IR
within
field
microbiology,
highlighting
its
specific
utility
microbial
cell
biology
environmental
microbiology.
It
emphasizes
key
such
as
identification,
process
monitoring,
wall
analysis,
biofilm
examination,
stress
response
assessment,
interaction
investigation,
showcasing
crucial
role
advancing
our
understanding
systems.
Furthermore,
we
address
challenges
including
sample
complexity,
data
interpretation
nuances,
need
integration
with
complementary
techniques.
Future
prospects
microbiology
include
wide
range
transformative
advancements.
These
development
comprehensive
standardized
libraries
precise
advanced
analytical
techniques,
adoption
high-throughput
single-cell
real-time
using
portable
systems
incorporation
into
ecological
modeling
predictive
insights
changes.
innovative
avenues
promise
significantly
advance
microorganisms
their
various
ecosystems.
Journal of Hazardous Materials,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
452, P. 131212 - 131212
Published: March 15, 2023
Per-
and
polyfluoroalkyl
substances
(PFAS)
are
persistent
organic
chemicals
detected
in
biosolids
worldwide,
which
have
become
a
significant
concern
for
applications
due
to
their
increasing
environmental
risks.
Hence,
it
is
pivotal
understand
the
magnitude
of
PFAS
contamination
implement
effective
technologies
reduce
prevent
hazardous
aftermaths.
Thermal
techniques
such
as
pyrolysis,
incineration
gasification,
biodegradation
been
regarded
impactful
solutions
degrade
transform
into
value-added
products
like
biochar.
These
can
mineralize
compounds
under
specific
operating
parameters,
lead
unique
degradation
mechanisms
pathways.
Understanding
pave
way
design
technology
optimize
process
conditions.
Therefore,
this
review,
we
aim
review
compare
thermal
treatment
incineration,
smouldering
combustion,
hydrothermal
liquefaction
(HTL),
biodegradation.
For
instance,
perfluorooctane
sulfonic
acid
(PFOS),
firstly
C-S
bond
cleavage
occurs
followed
by
hydroxylation,
decarboxylation
defluorination
reactions
form
perfluoroheptanoic
acid.
In
HTL,
PFOS
carried
through
OH-catalyzed
series
nucleophilic
substitution
reactions.
contrast,
involves
three-step
random-chain
scission
pathway.
The
first
step
includes
cleavage,
perfluoroalkyl
radical,
radical
chain
propagation
Finally,
termination
produces
very
short-fluorinated
units.
We
also
highlighted
important
policies
strategies
employed
worldwide
curb
biosolids.
The Science of The Total Environment,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
913, P. 169436 - 169436
Published: Dec. 29, 2023
Due
to
the
'forever'
degrading
nature
of
plastic
waste,
waste
management
is
often
complicated.
The
applications
are
ubiquitous
and
inevitable
in
many
scenarios.
Current
global
plastics
production
ca.
3.5
MMT
per
year,
with
current
trend,
will
reach
25,000
by
2040.
However,
rapid
growth
manufacture
material's
inherent
resulted
accumulation
a
vast
amount
garbage.
recycling
rate
<10
%,
while
large
volumes
discarded
cause
environmental
ecological
problems.
Recycling
rates
for
vary
widely
region
type
plastic.
In
some
developed
countries,
around
20-30
developing
nations,
it
much
lower.
These
statistics
highlight
magnitude
problem
urgent
need
comprehensive
strategies
manage
more
effectively
reduce
its
impact
on
environment.
This
review
critically
analyses
past
studies
essential
efficient
techniques
turning
trash
into
treasure.
Additionally,
an
attempt
has
been
made
provide
understanding
upcycling
process,
3Rs
policy,
life-cycle
assessment
(LCA)
conversion.
advocates
pyrolysis
as
one
most
promising
methods
valuable
chemicals.
addition,
can
be
severely
impacted
due
uncontrollable
events,
such
Covid
19
pandemic.
chemical
certainly
bring
value
end-of-life
LCA
analysis
indicated
there
still
huge
scope
innovation
area
compared
mechanical
recycling.
formulation
policies
heightened
public
participation
could
play
pivotal
role
reducing
repercussions
facilitating
shift
towards
sustainable
future.
Heliyon,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
9(10), P. e19788 - e19788
Published: Sept. 24, 2023
The
increase
in
world
population
growth
and
its
resultant
industrial
production
to
meet
need,
have
continued
raise
the
volume
of
wastewater
received
by
treatment
plant
facilities.
This
has
expectedly,
led
an
upsurge
sewage
sludge
biosolids
generated
from
systems.
Biosolids
are
best
managed
application
on
land
because
their
agronomic
benefits.
However,
this
usage
been
discovered
negatively
affect
humans
impact
environment
due
accumulation
minute
concentrations
contaminants
still
present
biosolid
after
treatment,
hence
need
for
government
regulations.
review
article
examined
fate
effects
pollutants,
especially
persistent
organic
pollutants
(PoPs)
concern
emerging
found
used
applications,
also
discussed
regulations
reuse
perspectives
two
major
governing
application-the
EU's
Sludge
Directive
USEPA's
Part
503
Rule,
attempt
draw
attention
outdated
contents
since
enactment,
as
they
do
not
currently
challenges
thus,
require
a
comprehensive
update.
Any
update
efforts
should
focus
which
is
less
stringent
allowable
concentration
pollutants.
Furthermore,
include
specific
new
such
microplastics,
pharmaceutical
personal
care
products
(P&PCPs),
surfactants,
endocrine-disrupting
chemicals,
flame
retardants,
pathogens,
pollutants;
further
reduction
heavy
metal
standard
limits,
consideration
soil
phosphate-metal
interactions
regulate
loading
rate.
Future
research
TCS,
TCC,
pharmaceuticals,
well
Microplastic
transport
biosolid-amended
soils,
soil-plant
transfer
mechanism,
metabolism
PFAs
soils;
all
will
inform
policies
land.
Frontiers in Environmental Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
5
Published: June 13, 2024
Applying
sewage
sludge
and
biosolids
to
agricultural
lands
has
become
an
increasingly
essential
aspect
of
sustainable
waste
management
circular
economy
as
it
contributes
positively
nutrient
recycling,
soil
fertility
environmental
health.
Due
the
widespread
presence
per
poly-fluoroalkyl
substances
(PFAS)
globally,
wastewater
treatment
plants
have
a
sink
for
PFAS.
PFAS
resist
degradation
by
conventional
processes
are
usually
adsorbed
biosolids.
However,
there
been
significant
concerns
that
land
application
could
probable
pathway
enter
food
chain.
This
article
assessed
global
sludge/biosolids
generation
country-to-country
methods
through
systematic
review.
The
occurrence,
distribution
prevalence
different
classes
were
assessed.
We
also
evaluate
factors
influencing
contamination
in
existing
regulations
on
upper
limit
before
their
disposal
or
farmland
(or
other
usages).
Additionally,
most
reports
revealed
high
concentrations
influent,
effluent,
generated
worldwide.
Overall,
recorded
concentration
scale
varied
from
2.2
2,156
ng/L
(influents),
1.9–4,800
(effluents)
2.1–500,000
ng/g
(biosolids).
While
studies
focused
legacy
detection,
recent
diPAPs
biosolids,
contributing
40%
95%
total
concentration.
Across
all
classes,
PFAAs
dominant
groups
exhibiting
elevated
detection
rates
(35%–95%).
documented
lands,
rigorous
need
be
instituted
govern
these
biowastes
lands.
several
countries
lack
data
level
sludges
they
generate,
currently
few
no
guiding
farmlands.
Notably,
class
was
shown
present
sludge;
inclusion
list
required
standardized
analytical
risk
assessment
becomes
imperative.
