Challenges of Biological Complexity in the Study of Nanotoxicology

Chemical Research in Toxicology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

The scale of nanoparticle use in consumer goods has grown exponentially over several decades owing to the unique properties materials this size range. At same time, well-defined end life cycle disposal strategies have not been developed for most materials, meaning that we are approaching potential a new ecological disaster with release millions metric tons nanoparticles into waste stream. field nanotoxicology meet challenge investigating hazards these and already identified toxicity mechanisms affect multiple tropes life. However, there stipulations on how applicable many results real world applications. These limitations largely arise from complex network variables must be considered during investigations. Herein, focus challenges posed by transformations undergo when they introduced biological environment. For example, biomolecules, such as proteins, rapidly coat shell, called corona, can modulate core and/or aid its internalization cells. As such, unlike evaluation small molecule toxicity, one cannot assume know composition nanoparticle-biomolecule species at any given time. This additional layer complication, well noncovalent nature made it difficult identify consistent trends. In Perspective, highlight current analysis difficulties studying nanotoxicity, recent advances studies, efforts reduce nanotoxicity outline remaining challenges.

Language: Английский

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Phytoremediation of nanoparticles, as future water pollutants, using aquatic and wetland plants: Feasibility, benefits and risks, and research gaps

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

Language: Английский

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Bio‐Engineered Silver Nanoparticles, Characterization, and Time‐Dependent Toxicity against Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Microscopy Research and Technique, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 14, 2025

ABSTRACT Bio‐engineered silver nanoparticles (BE‐AgNPs) are receiving discernible attention due to their diverse application history; however, the interaction of (Ag‐NPs) with environment and toxicity in aquatic organisms is a matter concern debate. Therefore, current study aims evaluate bio‐fabrication Ag‐NPs using Bellis perennis ( B. ) plant flower extract assess against Cyprinus carpio as an model organism. For this purpose, BE‐AgNPs were synthesized characterized advanced analytical techniques (SEM, TEM, FTIR, UV–visible absorption spectra), which showed that well‐dispersed cubical average size 15.4 nm obtained. In addition, C. after 96‐h LC 50 test period exposed three determined concentrations, including 5, 10, 15 mg/L for 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 14, 21 days, respectively, tissue histopathology genotoxicity. Histopathological results revealed caused degeneration, necrosis, inflammation, fibrosis muscles, liver, intestine, gills tissues H E staining slides. Moreover, DNA damage erythrocytes comet assay (single‐cell gel electrophoresis) technique. The confirmed induce significant myotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, branchial toxicity, intestinal genotoxicity . These findings highlight environmental ecological risks associated use bio‐engineered nanoparticles, particularly ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Nanoparticle-Mediated Embryotoxicity: Mechanisms of Chemical Toxicity and Implications for Biological Development

Chemical Research in Toxicology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 19, 2025

Nanoparticles, defined by their nanoscale dimensions and unique physicochemical properties, are widely utilized in healthcare, electronics, environmental sciences, consumer products. However, increasing evidence of potential embryotoxic effects during pregnancy underscores the need for a molecular-level understanding interactions embryonic development. Nanoparticles such as titanium dioxide, silver, cerium oxide, copper quantum dots can cross placental barrier interfere with crucial developmental processes. At molecular level, they disrupt signaling pathways like Wnt Hedgehog, induce oxidative stress inflammation, cause genotoxic effects, all critical sensitive phases, organogenesis. Furthermore, these nanoparticles interact directly cellular components, including DNA, proteins, lipids, impairing function viability. Innovative strategies to mitigate nanoparticle toxicity, surface modifications incorporation biocompatible coatings, discussed solutions reduce adverse interactions. Various laboratory animal models used investigate nanoparticle-induced embryotoxicity evaluated efficacy limitations, providing insights into applicability effects. This Account examines mechanisms which compromise development emphasizes importance designing safer minimize maternal-fetal exposure risks, particularly biomedical applications.

Language: Английский

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Reassessing the Role of Nanoparticles in Core Fields of Aquaculture: A Comprehensive Review of Applications and Challenges

Aquaculture Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2025(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

The application of nanoparticles (NPs) in aquaculture has emerged as a promising frontier to enhance productivity, sustainability, and environmental stewardship. This comprehensive review explores the integration NPs across core fields aquaculture, including nutrition, health management, water treatment, breeding performance, sex manipulation, waste management. offer innovative solutions for improving fish growth rates, enhancing feed efficiency, providing targeted drug delivery systems (DDSs) combat diseases. antimicrobial properties effectively target eliminate bacterial, viral, fungal infections. play critical role quality by removing pollutants pathogens, promoting healthier environment. They also aid management breaking down recycling waste, reducing ecological footprint aquaculture. However, concerns about toxicity present significant challenges. Future directions point importance thorough risk assessments, establishment regulatory guidelines, adoption sustainable approaches fully leverage advantages Further research is essential understand long‐term impacts safety aquatic ecosystems. Addressing issues above, industry can adopt more efficient practices, ensuring both food security protection.

Language: Английский

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Impact of lufenuron on hematology, serum biochemistry, antioxidant enzymes, and histopathology in broiler chickens

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(3), P. e0319157 - e0319157

Published: March 26, 2025

The widespread utilization of synthetic chemicals, including weedicides, pesticides, insecticides, and fertilizers, has contaminated the environment. Therefore, it is crucial to recognize ongoing threat various stressors, exposure natural chemicals on target non-target living organisms. Lufenuron extensively utilized in controlling ectoparasites companion animals may offer a potential solution for addressing analogous challenges commercial poultry farming. For this purpose, an experimental study was conducted estimate toxic effects lufenuron chickens. A total 75 broiler chickens were housed under standard environmental conditions period 39 days following 7-day acclimatization. Birds randomly divided into five groups (A-E), each consisting 15 birds, administered different doses B-E @ 4, 8, 12, 16 mg/kg body mass, respectively. Various hematological, biochemical, histopathological biomarkers assessed blood visceral organs. In current trial, values RBC count, PCV, hemoglobin, MCHC significantly (<0.05) decreased, while WBCs MCH increased treated birds. Results showed renal function tests (urea creatinine), liver (ALP, AST, ALT), cardiac (cholesterol creatinine kinase) broilers exposed higher lufenuron. ailments examined liver, kidneys, heart dose time-dependent manner. that induces oxidative stress, depletion antioxidant enzymes, histoarchitectural alterations multiple

Language: Английский

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Toxicological Effects of Silver-Modified Bentonite Nanocomposites on Microalgae: Impact on Cell Growth, Antioxidant Enzymes, and Gene Expression

Nanomaterials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(8), P. 629 - 629

Published: April 20, 2025

The increasing use of nanostructured silver-containing inorganic materials raises concerns about their impact on aquatic organisms. This study assessed the toxicity silver-modified bentonite composites Chlamydomonas sp. Two were tested: silver-exchanged (Ben-Ag) and its reduced form (Ben-Ag (H2)).Microalgae exposed to 0.5 IC50, 1.5 2 IC50. Ben-Ag showed higher than (H2), which even promoted algal growth at low doses. Fluorescence microscopy revealed morphological shrinkage in treated cells. Increased phenol content, elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, altered antioxidant enzyme activities further confirmed toxicity, along with photosynthetic pigments. Transcriptomic analysis significant changes gene expression under exposure. Genes involved photosynthesis (petB, psbL), caspase activity (casp), carotenoid metabolism (Q2CHY) down-regulated, indicating stress-induced damage. In contrast, genes encoding stress response enzymes (SOD, peroxidase), carbon (rbcL, PGQ1), β-carotene biosynthesis (Q2BKT) up-regulated, reflecting cellular defense mechanisms. Overall, highlights high sp., emphasizing importance evaluating environmental risks before using such environments.

Language: Английский

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Engineered Magnetic-Functionalized Carbon Xerogels for Sustainable Arsenic Removal: Bridging Adsorption Efficiency with Regenerability

Gels, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(5), P. 323 - 323

Published: April 26, 2025

This study developed iron-oxide-functionalized carbon xerogels for enhanced arsenic adsorption to mitigate global water contamination. The composites were synthesized by integrating magnetite nanoparticles (15–20 nm) into a resorcinol–formaldehyde matrix via sol–gel polycondensation, followed controlled pyrolysis. Key parameters—magnetite/resorcinol ratios (0.03–0.07), carbonization conditions (temperature, heating rate, duration), and H2O2-induced surface modification—were optimized maximize performance. Characterization (SEM/EDX, XRD, FTIR, BET, TEM) confirmed uniform dispersion (~5 wt%) revealed that pyrolysis at 850 °C porosity (378.8 m2/g area) refined chemistry. Adsorption kinetics Elovich (R2 = 0.9396) Power Function 0.9443) models, indicating chemisorption dominance. Response Surface Methodology desorption parameters using Central Composite Design with three factors two center points repetition. A kinetic of As(V) from was conducted, yielding optimal conditions: 1.0 M KOH, 160 rpm agitation, 90 min contact time. adsorbent retained >88% regeneration efficiency over four cycles, demonstrating robust reusability. Synergistic effects incorporation, tailored pyrolysis, H2O2 modification significantly improved selectivity capacity in complex matrices, while enabling magnetic recovery.

Language: Английский

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Silver Nanoparticle-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(9), P. 4216 - 4216

Published: April 29, 2025

The escalating challenge of antibacterial resistance has driven the widespread use silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) due to their potent antimicrobial properties. AgNPs can be synthesised through diverse methods, spanning conventional chemical and physical routes increasingly favoured biosynthesis approach. While offering environmental advantages, ecological impact biogenically synthesized AgNPs, especially on aquatic ecosystems, requires thorough evaluation. renal system, critical for maintaining physiological homeostasis via nephron-mediated waste removal, fluid regulation, electrolyte balance, is highly vulnerable toxicant-induced damage, which negatively affect organismal fitness. This study aimed assess nephrotoxic effects using entirely “green” zebrafish after 96-h exposures three distinct concentrations alongside a control group. Acridine orange fluorescence microscopy revealed dose-dependent histopathological alterations in tissues. Specifically, at 0.031 μg/L 0.250 μg/L, significant changes were observed, including glomerular shrinkage, proliferation hematopoietic tissue, dissociation dilation tubules, melanomacrophage aggregation. At 5.000 prolonged exposure beyond 48 h indicated potential tissue cell renewal, suggesting possible compensatory response. These results demonstrate sensitivity kidneys emphasize imperative comprehensive vivo toxicity testing, irrespective synthesis method, accurately evaluate adverse impacts ensure preservation ecosystem integrity.

Language: Английский

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Plastic and Micro/Nanoplastic Pollution in Sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges, Impacts, and Solutions

World, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(2), P. 325 - 345

Published: May 15, 2024

Sub-Saharan Africa faces increasing levels of plastic production and importation, unregulated usage, inadequate waste management systems. This region’s harsh conditions often lead to breaking down into microplastics nanoplastics. review explores the abundance micro/nanoplastics across different environmental mediums, such as surface waters, sediments, aquatic organisms, in sub-Saharan African countries. It also highlights knowledge gaps concerning micro/nanoplastics. The effects plastics on food production, water quality, health, environment are discussed. Strategies address challenges pollution proposed. Finally, concludes with future perspectives for addressing ongoing Africa. materials this study were sourced from published articles Scopus, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, additional platforms, including reports various press releases, using keywords waste, micro/nano-plastic, Africa, toxicity, circular economy. Articles initially screened by reviewing abstracts, followed a thorough reading full papers identify relevant studies. Key information was extracted these selected incorporated review.

Language: Английский

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