Nanobiotechnology Reports,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
18(2), P. 189 - 206
Published: April 1, 2023
Abstract
The
review
considers
the
main
approaches
to
development
of
structural
and
active
elements
for
actuators
in
soft
robotics.
An
analysis
publications
field
recent
achievements
electroresponsive
polymer
materials
operating
on
principles
Maxwell
pressure
electrostriction
is
provided.
problems
locomotor
robotics
terms
design
actuators,
methods
activating
function,
are
noted.
Moreover,
some
issues
related
promising
their
production
considered.
Great
emphasis
placed
an
integrated
approach
modern
study
materials,
including
use
mega-science
facilities.
Modern
technological
manufacturing
soft-robotic
devices
outlined.
Appropriate
analytical
numerical
that
allow
relevant
material
models
be
obtained
a
comprehensive
description
behavior
overview
functional
prototypes
robots,
designed
according
principle
nature-likeness,
with
made
presented.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 27, 2025
Abstract
Dielectric
elastomer
actuators
with
high
energy
and
power
output,
combined
without
pre‐stretching
treatment
to
simplify
device
fabrication,
are
highly
desirable
for
soft
robotics.
Here,
different
from
most
studies
that
focus
on
modifying
elastomers
such
as
polyacrylates
silicones,
the
study
designs
a
prestretch‐free
dielectric
based
hydrogenated
carboxylated
nitrile
butadiene
rubber
reach
record‐high
density
(564
J
kg
−1
)
(5641
W
),
≈15
times
greater
than
natural
muscle
three
state‐of‐the‐art
elastomers.
This
excellent
performance
arises
synergistic
polarization
enhancement
strain
stiffening
overcoming
inherent
trade‐offs
between
electrical
mechanical
properties,
simultaneously
endowing
an
extremely
constant
(
ɛ
r
=
17,
100
Hz),
ultralow
loss
(tan
δ
m
0.04@1
large
breakdown
strength
(105
V
µm
).
The
assembled
40‐µm‐thick
actuator
lifts
200‐g
load
over
20%
maintains
stable
of
4780
50
000
cycles.
Furthermore,
demonstrate
diverse
applications,
including
serving
biceps
artificial
muscles
achieve
90°
rotation
angle
at
speed
360°/s
actuating
robot
carrying
20
its
weight.
These
findings
provide
approach
developing
high‐performance
broaden
their
application
in
Applied Materials Today,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
32, P. 101842 - 101842
Published: May 19, 2023
Living
organisms
and,
in
general,
bio-materials
respond
to
external
stimuli
exhibiting
specific
functionalities
(such
as
shape-morphing,
color
change,
tissue
growth
and
remodeling,
programmed
mechanical
responses,
adaptation
of
material
properties,
etc.)
required
for
different
needs
(camouflage,
locomotion,
defense,
food
supply,
biological
processes,
etc.).
Functionalities
nature
come
from
bio-chemo-physical-mechanical
responsiveness
the
complex
architectures
which
natural
structures
are
organized
across
nano-,
micro-
meso-scales.
Often
inspired
by
bio-functionalities,
recent
years
development
synthetic
responsive
materials
has
attracted
a
huge
interest,
increasingly
still
attracts
efforts
scientists
synthesize
new
smart
devices.
The
paper
illustrates
most
compelling
morphing
functional
responses
observable
–
displayed
matter,
living
individuals
or
collective
behavior
large
groups
developed
purposes,
discusses
related
underlying
mechanisms.
In
parallel,
relevant
being
last
decades
presented
with
mathematical
models,
their
driving
mechanisms
compared
those
nature.
study
is
aimed
at
providing
broad
overview
explain
strategies
used
obtain
functionalities;
analogies
shown
artificial
materials,
particular
emphasis
on
polymer-based
polymer-like
investigated.
Some
multi-physics
describing
response
enabling
systematic
design,
optimization
synthesis
suitable
advanced
applications,
also
illustrated.
knowledge
cunning
can
push
forward
research
field,
offers
possibilities
worth
investigation
scientists,
physicists
engineers,
opens
unexplored
scenarios
not
yet
fully
considered
existing
literature.
IEEE Transactions on Robotics,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
39(5), P. 3960 - 3976
Published: Aug. 4, 2023
Soft
wall-climbing
robots
have
been
limited
in
their
ability
to
perform
complex
locomotion
diverse
environments
due
structure
and
weight.
Thus
far,
soft
with
integrated
functions
that
can
locomote
3-D
are
yet
be
developed.
This
article
addresses
this
challenge
by
presenting
a
lightweight
(2.57
g)
robot
linear,
turning,
transitioning
motion
capabilities.
The
employs
three
pneumatic
bending
actuators
two
adaptive
electroadhesion
pads,
which
enable
it
flip
forward,
transition
between
walls,
turn
directions,
adhere
various
surfaces.
Different
control
strategies
proposed
based
on
theoretical
model.
experimental
results
demonstrate
the
move
at
an
average
speed
of
3.85
mm/s
(0.08
body
length/s)
horizontal,
vertical,
inverted
walls
make
transitions
different
pinch
angles
within
180°.
Additionally,
carry
miniature
camera
vertical
detection
surveillance
tasks.
provides
reliable
strategy
enhance
multifunctionality
applications
unstructured
environments.
Russian Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
92(2), P. RCR5070 - RCR5070
Published: Feb. 1, 2023
The
review
describes
the
dielectric
elastomer
actuators
(DEAs),
a
class
of
soft
mechanical
made
functional
polymeric
materials
and
composites,
which
are
capable
to
act
as
artificial
muscles.
principles
operation,
design,
methods
DEAs
fabrication
required
equipment
comprehensively
described.
Most
frequently
used
DEA
polymers
(polyacrylates,
polyurethanes,
siloxanes)
considered
in
detail,
various
modern
advanced
modification
listed.
Polydimethylsiloxanes
(PDMSs)
most
promising
membranes.
presents
state-of-the-art
techniques
for
significant
improvement
performance
PDMSs:
reinforcement
silicone
matrix
with
different
dispersed
fillers,
chemical
using
compounds
large
dipole
moments
finely
tune
characteristics
silicones,
<i>etc</i>.
A
new
classification
is
proposed.
design
more
than
20
devices
presented.<br>
bibliography
includes
269
references.
Journal of Applied Polymer Science,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
141(20)
Published: March 20, 2024
Abstract
Dielectric
elastomer
actuator
(DEA)
is
considered
as
an
ideal
artificial
muscle
with
soft
and
light
in
nature,
widespread
application
robotics
sensors.
(DE),
the
core
component
of
DEA,
high
output
force
large
actuation
strain
under
relatively
low
driving
electric
field
critical
for
high‐performance
DEA.
However,
widely
used
VHB
series
(3M)
DE
suffered
from
very
pre‐strain
voltage
to
get
their
performance,
limiting
scope
application.
In
this
work,
DEs
good
mechanical
dielectric
properties
were
prepared
via
UV
curing
method
consisting
acrylic
acid
(AA)
strong
polar
groups
functional
monomer,
n
‐butyl
acrylate
(BA)
monomer
urethane
cross‐linker
(c‐p(BA‐AA)).
The
c‐p(BA‐AA)
films
obtained
simultaneous
increasing
constant
breakdown
strength
content
AA,
which
guaranteed
performance.
film
exhibited
excellent
actuating
performance
(44.11%
at
45
kV/mm)
without
pre‐strain.
Besides,
a
simple
linear
based
on
could
easily
weight
that
tens
times
its
own
active
(654.1
mN/g
30
kV/mm).
International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 41
Published: Dec. 17, 2024
Smart
dry
adhesives,
a
rapidly
growing
class
of
intelligent
materials
and
structures,
are
engineered
to
provide
strong,
robust
adhesion
when
needed
while
also
allowing
for
controlled,
easy
detachment
in
response
specific
stimuli.
Traditional
smart
often
exemplified
by
fibrillar
structures
made
elastomers,
face
number
challenges.
These
include
limitations
on
maximum
strength
imposed
microstructural
dimensions,
restricted
adaptability
surfaces
with
varying
degrees
roughness,
an
inherent
trade-off
between
switchability.
This
review
explores
how
shape
memory
polymers
(SMPs)
can
address
these
challenges
and,
through
their
rubber-to-glass
(R2G)
transition
capability,
powerful
foundation
the
next
generation
adhesives.
Specifically,
we
summarize
elucidate
mechanisms
which
SMPs
enhance
switchability
material
characteristics
such
as
tunable
stiffness,
shape-locking,
shape-memory
effects.
Additionally,
discuss
wide
range
innovative
designs
applications
SMP
offering
insights
into
ongoing
emerging
opportunities
this
evolving
field.
