Journal of Water Process Engineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 74, P. 107739 - 107739
Published: April 24, 2025
Language: Английский
Journal of Water Process Engineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 74, P. 107739 - 107739
Published: April 24, 2025
Language: Английский
Sustainability, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(4), P. 1660 - 1660
Published: Feb. 17, 2025
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a novel thermochemical process that turns biomass into hydrochar, substance rich in carbon has potential uses advanced material synthesis, energy production, and environmental remediation. With an emphasis on important chemical pathways, such as dehydration, decarboxylation, polymerization, control the conversion of lignocellulosic useful this review critically investigates fundamental chemistry HTC. A detailed analysis conducted effects variables physicochemical characteristics including temperature, pressure, composition, water ratio, residence time. Particular focus placed new developments HTC technology improve sustainability efficiency, like recirculating microwave-assisted co-hydrothermal carbonization. Furthermore, improvement adsorption capacity for organic contaminants heavy metals explored relation to functionalization activation namely through surface modification KOH treatment. The performance hydrochar biochar adsorption, catalysis, storage compared, emphasizing unique benefits difficulties each substance. Although comparatively high higher heating value (HHV) can be good substitute coal, issues with reactor design, scalability, secondary waste management continue limit its widespread use. In order maximize sustainable profitable avenue valorization, study addresses critical research gaps future initiatives.
Language: Английский
Citations
2Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 106777 - 106777
Published: Sept. 1, 2024
Language: Английский
Citations
9Journal of Water Process Engineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 71, P. 107279 - 107279
Published: Feb. 17, 2025
Language: Английский
Citations
1Journal of Environmental Management, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 377, P. 124651 - 124651
Published: Feb. 20, 2025
Language: Английский
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1Industrial Crops and Products, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 221, P. 119361 - 119361
Published: Aug. 14, 2024
Language: Английский
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4Biomass and Bioenergy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 193, P. 107606 - 107606
Published: Jan. 11, 2025
Language: Английский
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0Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: Jan. 14, 2025
Language: Английский
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0Energy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 134639 - 134639
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Language: Английский
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0Energy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 134643 - 134643
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Language: Английский
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0Fuel, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 388, P. 134471 - 134471
Published: Jan. 23, 2025
Language: Английский
Citations
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