Energies, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(10), P. 2533 - 2533
Published: May 14, 2025
As fossil fuel depletion and environmental pollution become increasingly severe, biodiesel has emerged as a promising renewable alternative to conventional diesel due its biodegradability, low sulfur emissions, high combustion efficiency. This paper provides comprehensive review of the evolution feedstocks, major production technologies, key factors influencing efficiency quality. It traces development feedstocks from first-generation edible oils, second-generation non-edible oils waste fats, third-generation microalgal fourth-generation biofuels based on synthetic biology, with comparative analysis their respective advantages limitations. Various technologies such transesterification, direct esterification, supercritical alcohol methods, enzyme-catalyzed transesterification are examined in terms reaction mechanisms, process conditions, applicability. The effects critical parameters including alcohol-to-oil molar ratio, time, temperature yield quality discussed detail. Particular attention is given role catalysts, both homogeneous heterogeneous types, enhancing conversion In addition, life cycle assessment (LCA) briefly considered evaluate impact sustainability production. serves valuable reference for improving advancing sustainable feedstock development, promoting commercial application biodiesel.
Language: Английский