Abstract
The
transition
to
renewable
energy
sources
has
increased
the
need
for
efficient
and
sustainable
storage
solutions,
with
Underground
Hydrogen
Storage
(UHS)
in
depleted
gas
reservoirs
emerging
as
a
promising
option.
Maintaining
wellbore
integrity
such
environments
is
critical,
yet
interactions
between
hydrogen,
brine,
cement,
particularly
chemical
additives,
remain
insufficiently
understood.
This
study
addresses
this
gap
by
investigating
effects
of
hydrogen
brine
on
mineralogy
microstructure
cement
without
additives.
We
conducted
series
experiments,
including
X-ray
diffract
(XRD),
scanning
electron
microscopy
(SEM),
micro-computed
tomography
(micro-CT),
water
chemistry
measurements,
evaluate
changes
composition
over
time.
Key
findings
reveal
that
while
primary
mineral
compositions
Portlandite
Calcium-Silicate-Hydrate
(C-S-H)
compound,
transform
under
exposure,
additives
fluid
loss,
dispersants
retarder
show
minimal
impact
these
changes.
average
size
interconnected
pore
networks
significantly,
but
increase
was
much
lower
(38.3%)
compared
(324.6%),
indicating
help
inhibit
network
expansion.
Despite
this,
overall
porosity
remained
stable.
Micro-fractures
were
more
uniformly
distributed
whereas
cracks
connected
existing
pores,
forming
larger
void
networks.
However,
generation
propagation
micro-fractures
are
likely
due
temperature
pressure
during
samples
loading
rather
than
H2.
Ion
concentrations,
Na+,
K+,
Ca2+,
Cl-,
largely
stable,
only
slight
SO42-
gypsum
dissolution.
These
results
suggest
Class
G
generally
negligible,
observed
composition.
While
offer
some
resistance
structural
induced
their
effectiveness
limited.
underscores
developing
robust
solutions
enhance
durability
strength
UHS
applications,
which
crucial
long-term
stability
safety
subsurface
systems.
SPE Western Regional Meeting,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 25, 2025
Abstract
The
formulation
of
the
hydrogen
thermodynamics
and
behavior
are
incorporated
into
mass,
momentum,
energy
conservation
equations
to
determine
conditions
reserves
in
subsurface
storage
salt
caverns
coupled
with
inflow
outflow
through
loading/unloading
wells.
cavern
is
treated
like
a
leaky
tank
having
permeable
conductive
walls
allowing
heat
transfer
gas
leakage
interlayer
formations,
cracks
fractures
created
by
thermal
stress
variation
during
processes.
numerical
solution
set
differential
forming
dynamic
thermo-hydraulic
mathematical
model
subject
prescribed
initial
boundary
facilitated
temperature,
pressure,
flow,
accumulation/depletion
as
functions
time
loading,
storage,
unloading.
This
allows
an
effective
inventory
analysis
caverns.
paper
provides
relevant
relationships
important
theoretical
background
formulations
required
for
development
large-scale
simulators
which
can
be
applied
designing,
optimizing,
controlling,
management,
processes
large
caverns,
practical
view
concept
tank,
description
at
different
levels
sophistication,
rigorous
governing
pressure
temperature
conditions,
demonstration
application
simplified
macroscopic
model.
SPE Western Regional Meeting,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 25, 2025
Abstract
The
wide
range
of
data
generated
by
molecular
simulation
are
facilitated
for
rapid
and
accurate
development
the
practical
equations
state
(EOS)
hydrogen,
methane,
carbon
dioxide
gases.
density
its
derivative
with
respect
to
pressure
required
satisfy
conditions
necessary
model
EOS
reduce
ideal
gas
as
approaches
zero.
modified
power-law
equation
is
applied
hydrogen
two-exponentials
methane
new
developed
much
simpler
than
previous
virial
containing
thirteen
constants.
comparison
results
obtained
using
experimental
demonstrates
that
can
be
used
developing
effective
correlations
density.
However,
gases
because
does
not
perform
well
these
Further,
at
various
temperatures
shifting
6.1
MPa.
These
demonstrate
correlation
important
obtaining
quality
averaging
nature
process
may
errors
due
uncertainties
involving
but
some
unknown
extent.
advantage
only
a
few
constants
in
this
paper
proven
complicated
many
empirically
determined
proposed
literature.
SPE Western Regional Meeting,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 25, 2025
Abstract
A
multi-phase
flow
experimental
setup
is
introduced
to
examine
the
behavior
of
H2
transport
in
a
brine-saturated
core
under
different
rates
and
regimes
context
underground
hydrogen
storage
(UHS).
Analog
fluids
decane
viscosified
brine
were
used
lieu
obtain
viscosity
ratio
similar
H2-brine
at
reservoir
conditions.
normalized
finger
width
was
allow
for
comparison
widths
between
this
analog
system
system.
X-ray
computed
tomography
(CT)
image
during
injection
compute
average
saturation
across
sample,
as
well
measure
fingers
that
formed
experiments.
The
1D
profile
fast-flowing
experiment
showed
initially
stable
displacement
before
onset
viscous
fingering,
slow-flowing
presence
distinct
from
injection,
limits
imaging.
resulting
images
tests
confirm
fingering
present
both
tests,
but
limitations
equipment
capability
suggest
there
exists
minimum
can
be
observed
with
current
setup.
This
necessitates
additional
determine
evolution
fingers,
observable.
