International Journal of Green Energy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
22(4), P. 792 - 803
Published: Nov. 15, 2024
Life
cycle
assessment
(LCA)
is
a
tool
used
to
evaluate
the
environmental
impacts
and
resources
manufacture
product.
The
present
study
proposes
an
innovative
unprecedented
based
on
LCA
of
biodiesel
production
from
methyl
transesterification
soybean
oil
catalyzed
by
eggshell-derived
CaO
using
nonionic
surfactant
nonylphenol
ethoxylate
(NP6EO).
Biodiesel
was
produced
under
mild
conditions
with
1:4
methanol-to-oil
ratio,
2
wt%
CaO,
1
NP6EO,
reaction
times
hours
3
without,
yield
95.18%
97.75%,
respectively.
life
impact
(LCIA)
performed
SimaPro
software
Ecoinvent
3.6
database
implementing
CML-IA
baseline
method.
Results
indicated
that
catalyst
preparation
process
had
lowest
impact,
while
contributed
most
across
all
categories.
surfactant-based
77%
more
eco-efficient
than
non-surfactant
process.
also
showed
concentration
has
influence
additional
electricity
consumption
due
longer
time.
Compared
traditional
KOH-catalyzed
production,
use
eggshells
NP6EO
demonstrated
lower
suggesting
this
method
promising
alternative
conventional
processes.
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: Feb. 27, 2025
This
study
focused
on
generating
biodiesel
from
waste
cooking
oil
(WCO)
employing
an
αFe₂O₃/CuO
nanocatalyst
synthesized
via
a
co-precipitation
method.
Several
characterization
techniques,
including
FTIR,
XRD,
SEM-EDX,
BET,
and
TEM
analyses,
were
applied
to
scrutinize
the
features
of
fabricated
nanocatalyst.
The
results
confirmed
successful
incorporation
CuO
into
αFe₂O₃
structure.
BET
analysis
further
revealed
that
addition
nanoparticles
significantly
enhanced
catalyst's
surface
properties,
increasing
number
active
sites
available
for
transesterification
reactions.
Besides,
exhibited
specific
area
334
m²/g,
highlighting
its
high
availability
catalytic
activity.
process
was
statistically
optimized
using
response
methodology
(RSM)
with
Box-Behnken
design
(BBD)
assess
influence
critical
reaction
parameters.
Vital
parameters
evaluated
included
temperature
(50–70
°C),
methanol/WCO
molar
ratio
(8–14
mol/mol),
catalyst
loading
(1–3
wt%).
Moreover,
ANOVA
indicated
proportion
had
most
remarkable
effect
production
efficiency,
F-value
337.11.
Under
optimal
conditions
time
3
h,
11,
dosage
2
wt%,
60
°C
highest
yield
94.27%
achieved.
Additionally,
reusability
assessment
demonstrated
notable
stability,
only
12%
reduction
in
efficiency
observed
over
seven
cycles.
research
demonstrates
nanocatalysts,
owing
their
unique
have
potential
serve
as
highly
effective
heterogeneous
catalysts
transesterification.
