SYRMEP beamline: state of the art, upgrades and future prospects

The European Physical Journal Plus, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 139(10)

Published: Oct. 9, 2024

Abstract SYRMEP is the hard X-ray imaging beamline of Elettra synchrotron offering full-field techniques, micro-computed tomography (microCT) and phase-contrast modality in energy range 10–40 keV. The operates a multidisciplinary research context spanning from biomedical applications to botany, zoology food technology cultural heritage, materials engineering geology earth science. Thanks flexibility setup, situ experiments can be performed as well, novel methods developed implemented synergical manner with interested users collaborators. peculiar wide beam together long sample-to-detector distance enables multiscale studies optimized contrast spatial resolution on rather large specimens, such human lung phantoms. This particularly relevant view future clinical foreseen framework 2.0 program. Here, current features recent upgrades are illustrated, an overview routinely offered users’ community presented, outlook for new SYRMEP-Life Science (SYRMEP-LS) reported.

Language: Английский

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Hydraulic Properties of a Rock‐Soil‐Root System: Insights From Fraxinus ornus L. Saplings Growing on Different Carbonate Rocks

Plant Cell & Environment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

ABSTRACT Drought impacts trees in varied temporal and spatial patterns, suggesting that heterogeneity of below‐ground water stores influences the fate under stress. Karst ecosystems rely on shallow soil overlying bedrock can store available primary pores. A contribution rock moisture to tree status has been previously demonstrated, but actual mechanisms rates rock‐to‐root delivery remain unknown. We report accurate measurements hydraulic properties two types (Breccia Dolostone), typical red soil, roots a common species grown different rock‐soil combinations. Experimental data were used build exchange model supported hypothesis extract from porous highly conductive rocks (Breccia), not more compact ones (Dolostone), especially when plants grow rocky substrate or experience stress, thus have low root conductivity extraction rocks. Our support represent important for growing rock‐dominated habitats. Heterogeneous translate into systems, underlying complex patterns mortality severe drought

Language: Английский

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Fire directly affects tree carbon balance and indirectly affects hydraulic function: consequences for post‐fire mortality in two conifers

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 21, 2025

Summary The mechanistic links between fire‐caused injuries and post‐fire tree mortality are poorly understood. Current hypotheses differentiate effects of fire on carbon balance hydraulic function, yet critical uncertainties remain about the relative importance each how they interact. We utilize two prescribed burns with Douglas‐fir ponderosa pine to examine: evidence for changes in function dynamics, such impacts relate injuries; which most likely lead mortality; these vary by species burn timing (fall vs spring). find that non‐structural carbohydrates (NSC) immediate, persistent, correlated crown injury severity, strongly related mortality. By contrast, delayed not directly attributable injuries, although some burned trees do exhibit signs increased dysfunction water stress before death. This suggests may indirectly affect relations, possibly through an interaction direct NSC. These findings offer a more nuanced understanding fire's effect important context activity forests globally.

Language: Английский

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Snowpack permanence shapes the growth and dynamic of non-structural carbohydrates in Juniperus communis in alpine tundra

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 948, P. 174891 - 174891

Published: July 22, 2024

Language: Английский

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Starch depletion in the xylem and phloem ray parenchyma of grapevine stems under drought

AoB Plants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(5)

Published: Aug. 29, 2023

Abstract While nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) storage can support long-lived woody plants during abiotic stress, the timing and extent of their use are less understood, as thresholds for cell mortality NSCs water supplies consumed. Here, we combine physiological imaging tools to study response Vitis riparia a 6-week experimental drought. We focused on spatial temporal dynamics starch consumption viability in xylem phloem stem. Starch were further corroborated with enzymatic digestion X-ray microcomputed tomography imaging. depletion stems droughted was detected after 2 weeks continued over time. observed distinct differences content phloem. By end drought, nearly all consumed ray parenchyma (98 % decrease), there almost no metabolically active cells In contrast, (30 remained vessel-associated xylem. Our data suggest that higher proportion living cambium, combined smaller potential NSC area, rapidly depleted starch, which led death. larger cross-sectional area lower populations at slower pace. Why source-sink relationships between do not allow more uniform time is unclear. help pinpoint proximate ultimate causes plant death prolonged drought exposure highlight need consider influence within-organ stress response.

Language: Английский

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The benefits of woody plant stem photosynthesis extend to hydraulic function and drought survival in Parkinsonia florida

Tree Physiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 44(3)

Published: Jan. 29, 2024

As climate change exacerbates drought stress in many parts of the world, understanding plant physiological mechanisms for survival is critical to predicting ecosystem responses. Stem net photosynthesis, which common arid environments, may be a trait, but whether additional carbon fixed by stems contributes hydraulic function and land plants untested. We conducted stem light-exclusion experiment on saplings widespread North American desert tree species, Parkinsonia florida L., after shading acclimation, we then subjected half treatment test interaction between light exclusion water limitation growth, leaf photosynthetic gas exchange, xylem embolism assessed with micro-computed tomography gravimetric techniques, survival. Growth, all showed expected reductions response exclusion. However, photosynthesis mitigated drought-induced (percent loss conductivity, PLC) mortality. The highest mortality was combined treatment, related PLC native sapwood-specific conductivity. This research highlights integration economy transport. Our results show that income has an important role growth species during drought. shift under conditions increasing underscores importance considering not only supply carbon, also its extended benefits function.

Language: Английский

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Net O₂ exchange rates under dark and light conditions across different stem compartments

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 243(1), P. 72 - 81

Published: May 4, 2024

Summary Woody plants display some photosynthetic activity in stems, but the biological role of stem photosynthesis and specific contributions bark wood to carbon uptake oxygen evolution remain poorly understood. We aimed elucidate functional characteristics chloroplasts stems different ages Fraxinus ornus . Our investigation employed diverse experimental approaches, including microsensor technology assess production rates whole stem, bark, separately. Additionally, we utilized fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) characterize relative abundance photosystems I II (PSI : PSII chlorophyll ratio) wood. findings revealed light‐induced increases O 2 present radial profile F. demonstrating capability perform light‐dependent electron transport. Younger exhibited higher dark respiration than older ones. While emerged as primary contributor net under light conditions, our data underscored that are also photosynthetically active. The FLIM analysis unveiled a lower PSI suggesting not only active acclimate spectral composition reaching inner compartments.

Language: Английский

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Research Status and Prospects on the Construction Methods of Temperature and Humidity Environmental Models in Arbor Tree Cuttage

Agronomy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 58 - 58

Published: Dec. 25, 2023

The environmental temperature and humidity are crucial factors for the normal growth development of arbor tree cuttings by altering their hormone levels influencing physiological activities. Developing a model serves as key technique to improve adjustment performance parameters in facility agriculture systems enhance rooting rate cuttings. This paper provides comprehensive summary current research on inherent characteristics humidity. It explores mechanisms interaction between investigates interactive relationships among affecting analyzes methods efficiency constructing models To transferability model, necessary activities under influence plant hormones generalized common traits In addition, this air substrate well two types facilities controlling Furthermore, it reviews progress from both mechanistic data-driven perspectives. comparative analysis associated with these categories. Building upon this, summarizes discusses employed also anticipates application deep learning techniques construction cuttings, including utilizing machine vision technology monitor status. Finally, proposes suggestions building fruit tree-like at different stages. models, integration control system suggested create an identification model. aims achieve

Language: Английский

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Adjustment of storage capacity for non‐structural carbohydrates in response to limited water availability in two temperate woody species

Physiologia Plantarum, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 176(5)

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Abstract Reserves of non‐structural carbohydrates (NSC) stored in living cells are essential for drought tolerance trees. However, little is known about the phenotypic plasticity storage compartments (SC) and their interactions with NSC reserves under changing water availability. Here, we examined adjustments SC stems roots seedlings two temperate tree species, Acer negundo L. Betula pendula Roth., cultivated different substrate We found that relative contents soluble NSC, starch total increased decreasing availability both similar tendencies were also observed A. . In B. , decreased along availability, possibly due to phloem decoupling or translocation shoots. Despite contrast organ responses, (namely starch) positively correlated proportions SC. Individual types showed markedly distinct upon suggesting changes partitioning capacity. an increasing contribution parenchyma‐rich bark capacity xylem substantially greater than those bark. Axial cells, namely fibers responded more sensitively radial parenchyma. Our results demonstrate drought‐induced carbon balance affect provided by whose coordinated reserves.

Language: Английский

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Diurnal variation in nonstructural carbohydrate storage in leaves of trees and shrubs

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 5, 2024

Non-structural carbohydrates (NSC), including soluble sugars (SS) and starch (ST) are an important material basis for maintaining metabolic activity in plants, energy response to extreme weather. The differences biological characteristics of different tree species lead significant inter-species NSC allocation. In this study, we conducted the field experiments Xinjiang August 2023. Sixteen common (eleven trees five shrubs) were selected SS ST concentration measurements daytime nighttime. We found that concentrations significantly higher than those shrubs. Through two-way analysis variance, concentration, SS:ST influenced by life form time treatments. However, was treatment, but not treatment. results showed minimum sugar necessary sustain basic cellular functions. a temporary storage substance accumulated leaves during day degraded at night before being converted into output, thereby regulating diurnal output carbon assimilated leaves.

Language: Английский

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