Elevated [CO₂] and temperature augment gas exchange and shift the fitness landscape in a montane forb

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 243(1), P. 58 - 71

Published: April 24, 2024

Summary Climate change is simultaneously increasing carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO 2 ]) and temperature. These factors could interact to influence plant physiology performance. Alternatively, increased [CO ] may offset costs associated with elevated temperatures. Furthermore, the interaction between temperature differentially affect populations from along an elevational gradient disrupt local adaptation. We conducted a multifactorial growth chamber experiment examine interactive effects of on fitness ecophysiology diverse accessions Boechera stricta (Brassicaceae) sourced broad in Colorado. tested whether would enhance photosynthesis across accessions, warmer conditions depress high‐elevation owing steep reductions elevation this system. Elevational clines are not as evident, making it challenging predict how locally adapted ecotypes will respond ]. This revealed that intrinsic water use efficiency all accessions. However, these instantaneous responses treatments did translate changes fitness. Instead, temperatures reduced probability reproduction for Elevated interacted shift adaptive landscape, favoring lower survival fecundity. Our results suggest climate have severe negative consequences, especially populations.

Language: Английский

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Adaptation and acclimation of gametophytic traits to heat stress in a widely distributed wild plant along a steep climatic gradient

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 2, 2024

Abstract Climate change-induced heat waves often result in reduced seed yields and quality via high-temperature effects the gametophytic phase. Surprisingly, ability of pollen ovules, particularly among wild plant populations, to adapt or acclimate stress remains poorly understood. To address this gap, we examined adaptive acclimation potential six traits eleven distinct populations Silene vulgaris across a temperature gradient Europe. First, cultivated plants common garden reveal differences indicative adaptation. Next, assessed these by subjecting flowering two chronic (CHS) treatments: moderate (35/30 °C) severe (40/35 °C), for 18 days. Findings from experiment indicated no intraspecific variation gradient, suggesting that may not influence plant’s sexual adaptation its local habitat. Plants originating colder climates produced more larger seeds than those warmer climates. During CHS treatments, female gametophyte was less sensitive compared male gametophyte. Moderate led ovaries with more, large-sized while ovule numbers but increased their size. In contrast, both treatments decreased grain numbers, size, anther length, causing significant reductions. These reductions ultimately translated lower yield quality, which threaten sustained existence natural over time. Under did vary along except size under CHS, regions. Our findings suggest lack mechanisms (except size) indicates rely on alternative strategies, such as shifts time, respond thermal stress.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the influences of resource limitation and plant aging on pollen development in Azorella nivalis Phil. (Apiaceae), a long‐lived high‐Andean cushion plant

Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 13, 2024

Angiosperm pollen, the male gametophyte, plays a crucial role in facilitating fertilization by protecting and transporting sperm cells to female pistil. Despite their seemingly simple structure, pollen grains undergo intricate development produce viable capable of fertilizing egg cell. Factors such as resource limitation plant aging can disrupt normal affect performance. We investigated influence resources on developmental failure Azorella nivalis Phil., an exceptionally long-lived high-Andean species that grows stressful alpine environment. Leveraging modular nature plants, we aimed identify intra-individual sources variation failure. By using viability grain size indicators performance, assessed whether proxies availability influenced these traits at inter-individual, inter-flower intra-flower levels. Our findings revealed decreased putative resource-depleted flowers shoots experienced higher levels meristematic divisions from zygote (i.e., greater cell depth). Additionally, observed increased variability anthers. study suggests shoot are critical determinants shaping plants level. These contribute our understanding how differences fitness arise with implications for evolutionary trajectory.

Language: Английский

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Variation in reproductive organ functionality among a population of tomato genotypes reveals the importance of pollen viability and fruit set in response to heat stress

International Journal of Vegetable Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 15

Published: Nov. 17, 2024

Language: Английский

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Establishment of Efficient Method for Evaluation of Heat Stress Tolerance of Herbaceous Plant Species and Selection of Heat-Tolerant Plants

Horticulturae, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(12), P. 1290 - 1290

Published: Dec. 4, 2024

Due to climate change, heat-tolerant species have become increasingly important; however, the selection system for herbaceous plants has yet be well established. This study aimed establish a plant and identify such species. Heat stress at 50 °C 120 min was applied 27 using heat treatment recovery model. Among them, four species—Hemerocallis fulva, Heliopsis longipes, Hosta plantagines, Scilla scilloides—were selected by measuring their electrolyte leakage index (ELI). Additionally, with high ELI values (Centaurea cyanus) low (S. scilloide) were determine optimal temperature time linear regression analysis. The survived under conditions (120 °C). degree of cell death in measured Evans blue staining. results showed that indexes less than 22% after treatment, compared over 57% heat-sensitive Furthermore, ability room assessed DAB staining method. recovered quickly (within 90 min), whereas required 480 recovery. analytical method developed this can more accurately response various reproducibility. Therefore, it is considered an excellent establishing system.

Language: Английский

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Utilization of Plant Waste as A Seed Source to Anticipate Agriculture Global Environmental Challenges and Increase Robusta Coffee Farmers’ Income

E3S Web of Conferences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 444, P. 03005 - 03005

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Coffee is one of the leading plantation commodities in world trade area. The utilization plant waste form water shoots from BP308 robusta coffee a new innovation anticipating global environmental changes. research aims to support seed availability by utilizing wastewater as candidates anticipation changes that can provide added value and income for farmers. was conducted District Pupuan, Tabanan, Bali. implementation period 2 years (2018-2020). This study designed using paired experimental design existing technological innovations innovations. Data were analyzed t test. results showed seeds significantly different not different. leaf rust disease no significant differences attack rates. Wet weight, total weight shoot oven dry higher respectively 42.14; 51.99 40.59%. obtained IDR 10,500.00 per tree. Conversion each farmer with ownership 0.3–0.8 hectares (population 300-800) trees generates an 3,150,000.00 8,400,000.00 year farmer.

Language: Английский

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