Integrated pest management: good intentions, hard realities. A review

Agronomy for Sustainable Development, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 41(3)

Published: May 11, 2021

Abstract Integrated Pest Management (IPM) provides an illustration of how crop protection has (or not) evolved over the past six decades. Throughout this period, IPM endeavored to promote sustainable forms agriculture, pursued sharp reductions in synthetic pesticide use, and thereby resolved myriad socio-economic, environmental, human health challenges. Global use has, however, largely continued unabated, with negative implications for farmer livelihoods, biodiversity conservation, right food. In review, we examine developed time assess whether concept remains suited present-day We believe that despite many good intentions, hard realities need be faced. 1) identify following major weaknesses: i) a multitude definitions generate unnecessary confusion; ii) inconsistencies between concepts, practice, policies; iii) insufficient engagement farmers technology development frequent lack basic understanding its underlying ecological concepts. 2) By diverting from fundamental principles, integration practices proceeded along serendipitous routes, proven ineffective, yielded unacceptable outcomes. 3) show majority cases, chemical control still basis plant programs. 4) Furthermore, research is often lagging, tends misguided, pays attention ecology functioning agroecosystems. 5) Since 1960s, rules have been twisted, foundational concepts degraded serious (farm-level) implementation not advanced. To remedy this, are proposing Agroecological Crop Protection as captures agroecology can optimally put service protection. constitutes interdisciplinary scientific field comprises orderly strategy (and clear prioritization) at field, farm, agricultural landscape level dimension social organizational ecology.

Language: Английский

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Pathways linking biodiversity to human health: A conceptual framework

Environment International, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 150, P. 106420 - 106420

Published: Feb. 7, 2021

Biodiversity is a cornerstone of human health and well-being. However, while evidence the contributions nature to rapidly building, research into how biodiversity relates remains limited in important respects. In particular, better mechanistic understanding range pathways through which can influence needed. These relate both psychological social processes as well biophysical processes. Building on from across natural, sciences, we present conceptual framework organizing linking health. Four domains pathways—both beneficial harmful—link with health: (i) reducing harm (e.g. provision medicines, decreasing exposure air noise pollution); (ii) restoring capacities attention restoration, stress reduction); (iii) building promoting physical activity, transcendent experiences); (iv) causing dangerous wildlife, zoonotic diseases, allergens). We discuss test components biodiversity-health available analytical approaches existing datasets. world accelerating declines biodiversity, profound land-use change, an increase non-communicable diseases globally, greater these reinforce conservation strategy for promotion people nature. conclude by identifying avenues recommendations policy practice foster biodiversity-focused public actions.

Language: Английский

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Agroecological crop protection for sustainable agriculture

Advances in agronomy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 59

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Bt maize can provide non‐chemical pest control and enhance food safety in China

Plant Biotechnology Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(2), P. 391 - 404

Published: Nov. 8, 2022

Summary China is the world's second‐largest maize producer and consumer. In recent years, invasive fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) has adversely affected productivity compromised food security. To mitigate pest‐inflicted shortages, China's Government issued biosafety certificates for two genetically modified (GM) Bt hybrids, Bt‐ Cry1Ab DBN9936 Cry1Ab/Cry2Aj Ruifeng 125, in 2019. Here, we quantitatively assess impact of both hybrids on pest feeding damage, crop yield safety throughout belt. Without a need to resort synthetic insecticides, could lepidopteran pressure by 61.9–97.3%, avoid loss 16.4–21.3% (range −11.9–99.2%) lower mycotoxin contamination 85.5–95.5% as compared prevailing non‐Bt hybrids. Yield avoidance varied considerably between experimental sites mediated on‐site infestation identity. For either seed mixtures or block refuge arrangements, was kept below established thresholds at 90% coverage Yunnan (where S. dominant species) 70% other dominated Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée). Drawing experiences from crop/pest systems, se can provide area‐wide management thus, contribute progressive phase‐down chemical pesticide use. Hence, when consciously paired with agroecological biodiversity‐based measures, GM insecticidal crops ensure nutrition security, sustainable intensification agriculture reduce systems' environmental footprint.

Language: Английский

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Green Biomass-Based Protein for Sustainable Feed and Food Supply: An Overview of Current and Future Prospective

Life, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 307 - 307

Published: Jan. 22, 2023

It is necessary to develop and deploy novel protein production allow the establishment of a sustainable supply for both humans animals, given ongoing expansion demand meet future needs increased world population high living standards. In addition plant seeds, green biomass from dedicated crops or agricultural waste also available as an alternative source fulfill nutrient animals. The development extraction precipitation methods (such microwave coagulation) chloroplast cytoplasmic proteins, which constitute bulk leaf protein, will concentrates (LPC) isolates (LPI). Obtained LPC serves animal-based besides being important many vital phytochemicals, including vitamins substances with nutritional pharmacological effects. Along it, LPC, directly indirectly, supports sustainability circular economy concepts. However, quantity quality largely depend on several factors, species, techniques, harvest time, growing season. This paper provides overview history biomass-derived early fodder mill concept by Károly Ereky state-of-art green-based utilization. highlights potential approaches enhancing production, associated methods, selection optimal technologies, best combination improving isolation.

Language: Английский

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Orchard systems offer low-hanging fruit for low-carbon, biodiversity-friendly farming

BioScience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

Abstract As core constituents of healthy diets, fruits are often cultivated in temporally stable and structurally complex ecosystems that harbor high levels biodiversity. However, high-intensity orchard management can lessen the human environmental health benefits fruticulture. In present article, we argue increased emphasis on biological control could contribute to preventative fruit pests, weeds, diseases, resulting pesticide phasedown. Carefully calibrated increase provision ecosystem services by above- belowground biota, improve soil health, store atmospheric carbon. When tactically integrated with agroecological measures, behavior-modifying chemicals, or digital tools, helps conserve pollinator fauna, protect vertebrate communities, vegetation restoration outcomes. Its implementation can, however, give rise scientific social challenges will need be explored. By resolving adoption hurdles for at scale, society enjoy myriad nature-friendly production.

Language: Английский

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Agro-ecology science relates to economic development but not global pesticide pollution

Journal of Environmental Management, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 307, P. 114529 - 114529

Published: Jan. 19, 2022

Synthetic pesticides are core features of input-intensive agriculture and act as major pollutants driving environmental change. Agroecological science has unveiled the benefits biodiversity for pest control, but research implementation at farm-level is still difficult. Here we address this gap by using a bibliometric approach, quantifying how countries' scientific progress in agro-ecology relates to pesticide application regimes. Among 153 countries, economic development does spur innovation irregularly bears reductions use. Some emerging economies bend Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) - observed pollution country's wealth few high-income countries exhibit weak 'technique effect'. Our findings support recent calls large-scale investments nature-positive agriculture, underlining can mend ecological resilience, carbon footprint, human health impacts intensive agriculture. Yet, order effectively translate into practice, needs be paralleled policy-change, farmer education broader awareness-raising.

Language: Английский

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Pest management science often disregards farming system complexities

Communications Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: June 22, 2023

Abstract Since the 1940s, pesticide-intensive crop protection has sustained food security but also caused pervasive impacts on biodiversity, environmental integrity and human health. Here, we employ a systematic literature review to structurally analyze pest management science in 65 developing countries. Within corpus of 3,407 publications, find that taxonomic coverage is skewed towards subset 48 herbivores. Simplified contexts are commonplace: 48% studies performed within laboratory confines. 80% treat tactics an isolated rather than integrated fashion. 83% consider no more two out 15 farming system variables. Limited attention devoted pest-pathogen or pest-pollinator interplay, trophic interactions across ecosystem compartments natural regulation. By overlooking social strata, sizable scientific progress agroecological translates into slow farm-level uptake. We argue enterprise should integrate complexity chart sustainable trajectories for global agriculture achieve transformative change ground.

Language: Английский

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From functional diversity to human well-being: A conceptual framework for agroecosystem sustainability

Agricultural Systems, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 208, P. 103659 - 103659

Published: April 15, 2023

Agricultural intensification contributes to global food security and well-being by supplying the demand of a growing human population. However, ongoing land-use change seriously affect abundance, diversity distribution species, besides many other impacts, thereby threatening functioning ecosystems worldwide. Despite accumulating evidence that current agricultural model is unsustainable, we are far from understanding consequences functional loss for ecosystem service supply potential long-term threats well-being. In this review, propose conceptual framework understand relationships between also considers agroecosystem health. To end, identify most commonly assumed linking regulating provisioning services their importance well-being, emphasising serious knowledge gaps in individual pathways framework. A consortium formed an international panel experts different disciplines including diversity, health compiled 275 articles. Members proposed literature exemplify each specific aspect text, accordance with his/her field expertise. The guideline all was focus mostly (38% references last 5 years 66% decade), special interest reviews synthesis articles (42% references), as well meta-analyses studies (10% references). factors influence extremely complex, involving both disservices related management environmental conditions. population needs sustainable resilient agroecosystems concerted effort needed fundamentally redesign practices feed without further jeopardising quality life future generations. We highlight effects ecological on plant animal communities, resulting ultimately developed researchers policy makers highlighting need holistic approach impacts Finally, document major gap due lack any focusing full pathway

Language: Английский

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Healthy Food on the Twitter Social Network: Vegan, Homemade, and Organic Food

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(7), P. 3815 - 3815

Published: April 6, 2021

Online social networks have become an everyday aspect of many people’s lives. Users spend more and time on these platforms and, through their interactions media platforms, they create active passive digital footprints. These data a strong potential in research areas; indeed, understanding communication is essential for attitudes, experiences, behaviors values. Researchers found that the use networking sites impacts eating behavior; thus, analyzing network important meaning behind expressions used context healthy food. This study performed analysis from Twitter, which included 666,178 messages posted by 168,134 individual users. comprised all tweets #healthyfood hashtag between 2019 2020 Twitter. The results revealed users most commonly associate food with lifestyle, diet, fitness. Foods associated this were vegan, homemade, organic. Given people change behavior according to other networks, could be identify current future associations perceptions characteristics.

Language: Английский

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