Aerosol Science and Engineering, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1), P. 1 - 12
Published: Oct. 28, 2023
Language: Английский
Journal of Building Engineering, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 61, P. 105254 - 105254
Published: Sept. 16, 2022
In-kitchen air pollution is a leading environmental issue, attributable to extensive cooking, poor ventilation and the use of polluting fuels. We carried out week-long monitoring CO2, temperature relative humidity (RH) in five low-income residential kitchens 12 global cities (Dhaka, Chennai, Nanjing, Medellín, São Paulo, Cairo, Sulaymaniyah, Addis Ababa, Nairobi, Blantyre, Akure Dar-es-Salaam). During average in-kitchen CO2 concentrations were 22.2% higher than daily indoor average. Also, highest was observed for NVd (natural ventilation-door only; 711 ± 302 ppm), followed by NVdw + window; 690 319 ppm) DVmn (dual ventilation-mechanical natural; 677 219 ppm). Using LPG electric appliances during cooking exhibited 32.2% less kerosene. Larger (46–120 m3) evinced 28% 20% medium (16–45 small (4–15 ones, respectively. with >2 occupants 7% that one occupant. 87% total exceeded ASHRAE standard (RH >40%, >23 °C) thermal comfort. Considering type, both ACH (air change rate per hour) order: > DVmn, while trend weekly concentration NVdw. presented 22% ACH, 82% 190% medium- small-volume Forty-three percent had <3 h−1 <4 L/s/person, hence violated conditions ideal ventilation. Moreover, 10% Hazard Ratio values 25% reference value (1000 Consequently, our findings prompted several recommendations towards improving homes.
Language: Английский
Citations
42
Energy and Buildings, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 313, P. 114245 - 114245
Published: May 8, 2024
Ventilation and indoor air quality are important factors that affect the health of elderly. The purpose this study was to find effective ventilation design measures for improving in typical two-bed bedrooms elderly care centres (ECCs). Mixing (MV), displacement (DV), zone (ZV) stratum (SV) were analysed with twelve scenarios most solutions including six curtains between beds without beds. Airflow distribution, CO2 concentration, efficiency risk assessment adopted discussion. SV found be an method ECC bedroom while also taking into account needs rights residents, such as privacy. Comparing under same types ventilation, showed a slight (≤8%) decrease concentration pillow area. However, could increase virus transmission compromise privacy, so it is not recommended. Regarding beds, contaminant removal (CRE) using increased by 2.58, 3.22 2.12 times compared MV, DV, ZV respectively. Additionally, ratio (HR) reduced 46.3 %, 53.7 41.7 %. Hence, recommended install apply bedrooms. This can used guide systematically designing systems Furthermore, collaboration among environmental engineers, designers, policymakers, wider community essential develop sustainable environments
Language: Английский
Citations
11
Environmental Research Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6(1), P. 012001 - 012001
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Abstract Understanding of the various sources indoor air pollution requires quality (IAQ) data that is usually lacking. Such can be obtained using unobtrusive, low-cost sensors (LCS). The aim this review to examine recent literature published on LCS for IAQ measurements and determine whether these studies employed any methods identify or quantify pollution. Studies were reviewed in terms source apportionment employed, as well microenvironment type, geographical location, several metrics relating contribution outdoor pollutant ingress versus potential sources. We found out 60 relevant studies, just four apportionment, all which utilised receptor models. Most undertaken residential educational environments. There a lack other types microenvironments locations outside Europe North America. are inherent limitations with producing This applies external data, however even more challenging measure due its characteristics. environment heterogeneous, significant variability within space between different locations. Sensor placement, occupancy, activity reports, locations, contribute understanding variability. Outdoor pollutants into via building envelope, measurement environmental conditions, recording details fabric ventilation help apportion contributions. Whether not models from LCS, there parameters which, if carefully considered during campaigns, aid identification pollutants.
Language: Английский
Citations
9
Atmospheric Pollution Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(6), P. 102468 - 102468
Published: Feb. 16, 2025
Language: Английский
Citations
1
Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)
Published: Feb. 26, 2025
Abstract In sub-Saharan Africa, approximately 85% of the population uses polluting cooking fuels (e.g. wood, charcoal). Incomplete combustion these generates household air pollution (HAP), containing fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and carbon monoxide (CO). Due to large spatial variability, increased quantification HAP levels is needed improve exposure assessment in Africa. The CLEAN-Air(Africa) study included 24-h monitoring PM CO kitchen concentrations (n pm2.5 = 248/n 207) female primary cook exposures 245/n 222) peri-urban households Obuasi (Ghana), Mbalmayo (Cameroon) Eldoret (Kenya). measurements were combined with survey data on patterns, socioeconomic characteristics ambient proxies walking time nearest road) separate mixed-effect log-linear regression models. Model coefficients applied a larger 937) only quantitatively scale up exposures. final models moderately explained variation mean (R 2 0.40) 0.26) concentration measurements, 0.27) 0.14) Primary/secondary fuel type was significant predictor all four Other predictors location size; financial security rental status predictive concentrations. Cooking location, Including objective (from temperature sensors) from 143) substantially improved (by 52%) variability model, but not model. Socioeconomic markers strongly associated while environment variables more levels.
Language: Английский
Citations
1
Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 236, P. 116863 - 116863
Published: Aug. 9, 2023
The health and academic performance of children are significantly impacted by air quality in classrooms. However, there is a lack understanding the relationship between classroom pollutants contextual factors such as physical characteristics classroom, ventilation occupancy. We monitored concentrations particulate matter (PM), CO2 thermal comfort (relative humidity temperature) across five schools London. Results were compared occupied unoccupied hours to assess impact occupants their activities, different floor coverings locations In-classroom varied 500 1500 ppm during occupancy; average (955 ± 365 ppm) occupancy was ∼150% higher than non-occupancy. Average PM10 (23 15 μgm-3), PM2.5 (10 4 μgm-3) PM1 (6 3 μg m-3) 230, 125 120% RH (29 6%) below 40-60% range all temperature (24 2 °C) >23 °C 60% Reduction concentration (50%) dual (mechanical + natural) for (40%) (33%) with natural (door window). classrooms wooden (33 19 vinyl (25 20 floors carpet (17 12 μgm-3). Air change rate (ACH) did not vary appreciably levels types. PM2.5/PM10 influenced periods; highest value (∼0.87) non-occupancy (∼0.56). Classrooms located on ground had > 0.5, indicating an outdoor ingress those first third (<0.5). large-volume (>300 m3) showed ∼33% lower ACH small-volume (100-200 m3). These findings provide guidance taking appropriate measures improve quality.
Language: Английский
Citations
19
Atmospheric Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 332, P. 120607 - 120607
Published: May 23, 2024
This work examined the efficacy of passive air pollution mitigation measures (green infrastructure) in elderly care centres (ECCs) located around heavily-trafficked roads. We measured indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations three ECCs near major found that highest were usually occurred during peak traffic. ECC3 (295 ± 67 μg m−3) exhibited concentrations, presumably because shortest width tree space (10 m) between ECC road, followed by ECC2 (184 38 ECC1 (60 16 having a distance 40 105 m, respectively, covered park with dense trees between. These results suggest wide road was conducive to improving quality. There is strong positive correlation traffic volume ECCs. Additionally, higher wind speed temperature, along lower relative humidity (RH), linked favourable conditions for reducing concentrations. Furthermore, strongly correlated. The indoor/outdoor ratio decreased as increased. hazard (HR) ECC, 10 m it respectively 38% 80% than roads A trade-off exists quality ECCs, transportation convenience urban design. Consequently, minimise negative effects emissions, should preferably be away from heavily trafficked green infrastructure.
Language: Английский
Citations
8
Atmosphere, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 12 - 12
Published: Dec. 21, 2022
Background: Cooking and fuel combustion in the indoor environment are major sources of respirable suspended particulate matter (RSPM), which is an excellent carrier potentially harmful absorbed inorganic organic compounds. Chronic exposure to RSPM can lead acute pulmonary illness, asthma, cardiovascular disease, lung cancer people involved cooking. Despite this, questions remain about harmfulness different (PM) generated during cooking, factors influencing PM physico-chemical properties. The most reliable methods for sampling analyzing cooking emissions only partially understood. Objectives: This review aims comprehensively assess risks considering main PM, chemical composition, strategies analysis. We present first systematic analysis composition related highlight significant differences between studies using experimental conditions, with a lack standard methodology. Methods: Following Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement rules Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome (PICO) strategy scientific research, three databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web Science) were screened find articles that measure, collect, analyze nanometer- micrometer-sized activities under conditions. Data summarized risk, evaluating generation, their how they have been collected analyzed changing Results: From 2474 search results, there 55 met our criteria. Overall, variable relate stove type. concentration chemical–physical properties also strongly influenced by food additive type, processing duration, temperature, utensils. important factor ventilation. composed mainly elemental carbon (EC) its derivatives, porous structure high surface-to-volume ratio perfect matter. Conclusions: reveals growing interest highlights variability particles, thus risks. Precise risk characterization improves possible preventive reduce pollutant exposure. However, comprehensive needs proper consider all synergistic way. Our need method standardization environmental analyses, ensure accuracy allow deeper comparisons future studies.
Language: Английский
Citations
26
Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 351 - 374
Published: Aug. 12, 2022
Global climate change and COVID-19 have changed our social business life. People spend most of their daily lives indoors. Low-cost devices can monitor indoor air quality (IAQ) reduce health problems caused by pollutants. This study proposes a real-time low-cost monitoring system for smart homes based on Internet Things (IoT). The developed IoT-based is portable provides users with data transfer about IAQ. During the period, were collected from kitchen, bedroom balcony home, where family 5 time. As result analyzes, it has been determined that particulate matter mainly outdoor infiltration cooking emissions, CO2 value rise well above permissible limits in case insufficient ventilation due to night sleep activity. obtained results show measuring may be suitable measurement-based management. In addition, proposed measurement compared existing systems; It advantages such as modularity, scalability, low cost, portability, easy installation open-source technologies.
Language: Английский
Citations
20
Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 461, P. 132583 - 132583
Published: Sept. 19, 2023
Language: Английский
Citations
12