Assessing pesticides in the atmosphere: A global study on pollution, human health effects, monitoring network and regulatory performance

Environment International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 187, P. 108653 - 108653

Published: April 12, 2024

Pesticides are widely used in agriculture, but their impact on the environment and human health is a major concern. While much attention has been given to presence soil, water, food, there have few studies airborne pesticide pollution global scale. This study aimed assess extent of atmospheric countries worldwide identify regional differences using scoring approach. In addition analyzing risks associated with pollution, we also examined agricultural practices current air quality standards for pesticides these countries. The scores varied significantly among countries, particularly Europe. Asian Oceanic generally had higher compared those Americas, suggesting relatively level caused by regions. It worth noting that levels, as assessed theoretically, pose minimal humans. However, literature shown excessive exposure present atmosphere various problems, such cancer, neuropsychiatric disorders, other chronic diseases. Interestingly, European highest overall application intensities, this did not necessarily correspond scores. Only established specifically pesticides. Furthermore, across states USA were investigated sampling sites mapped. findings revealed limited or unevenly distributed some Nordic These can help relevant environmental agencies set up comprehensive monitoring networks. Overall, research highlights need create system increase efforts enhance regulation, ensure consistency standards, promote international cooperation.

Language: Английский

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Influence of climate change and pesticide use practices on the ecological risks of pesticides in a protected Mediterranean wetland: A Bayesian network approach

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 878, P. 163018 - 163018

Published: March 22, 2023

Pollution by agricultural pesticides is one of the most important pressures affecting Mediterranean coastal wetlands. Pesticide risks are expected to be influenced climate change, which will result in an increase temperatures and a decrease annual precipitation. On other hand, pesticide dosages change given pest resistance implementation environmental policies like European ´Farm-to-Fork` strategy, aims for 50 % reduction usage 2030. The influence use practices on ecological needs evaluated making realistic scenarios. This study investigates how different affect Albufera Natural Park (Valencia, Spain), protected wetland. We performed probabilistic risk assessment nine applied rice production using three climatic scenarios (for years 2008, 2050 2100), dosage regimes (the recommended dose, decrease), their combinations. were used simulate exposure concentrations water column paddies RICEWQ model. effects characterized acute chronic Species Sensitivity Distributions built with toxicity data aquatic organisms. Risk quotients calculated as probability distributions Bayesian networks. Our results show that future projections some studied pesticides, yielding higher dissipation lower dominated temperatures, peaks where heavy precipitation events occur right after application. case shows such azoxystrobin, difenoconazole MCPA posing unacceptable organisms, strategy crucial reduce them.

Language: Английский

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Pesticide residues with hazard classifications relevant to non-target species including humans are omnipresent in the environment and farmer residences

Environment International, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 181, P. 108280 - 108280

Published: Oct. 30, 2023

Intensive and widespread use of pesticides raises serious environmental human health concerns. The presence levels 209 pesticide residues (active substances transformation products) in 625 samples (201 soil, 193 crop, 20 outdoor air, 115 indoor dust, 58 surface water, 38 sediment samples) have been studied. were collected during the 2021 growing season, across 10 study sites, covering main European crops, conventional organic farming systems. We profiled found different matrices using existing hazard classifications towards non-target organisms humans. Combining monitoring data information, we developed an indicator for prioritization pesticides, which can support policy decisions sustainable transitions. Eighty-six percent had at least one residue above respective limit detection. One hundred 112 99 sediments, 78 76 197 dust. number, levels, profile varied between Our results show that non-approved compounds still represent a significant part cocktails should be accounted programs risk assessments. profiles analysis confirms dominance low-moderate underscores high some approved recurring "no available" situations. Overall, our idea assessed mixture context, taking environmentally relevant mixtures into consideration. uncovered uncertainties gaps addressed, as well implications EU approval status level. newly introduced help identify research priority areas, act reference targeted scenarios set forth Farm to Fork reduction goals.

Language: Английский

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The Impact of Permethrin and Cypermethrin on Plants, Soil Enzyme Activity, and Microbial Communities

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 2892 - 2892

Published: Feb. 2, 2023

Pyrethroids are insecticides most commonly used for insect control to boost agricultural production. The aim of the present research was determine effect permethrin and cypermethrin on cultured non-cultivated bacteria fungi activity soil enzymes, as well usefulness Zea mays in mitigating adverse effects tested pyrethroids microbiome. analyses were carried out samples both not sown with any plant mays. Permethrin found stimulate multiplication organotrophic (on average by 38.3%) actinomycetes 80.2%), inhibit growth 31.7%) enzymatic soil, reducing biochemical fertility index (BA) 27.7%. They also modified number operational taxonomic units (OTUs) Actinobacteria Proteobacteria phyla Ascomycota Basidiomycota phyla. pressure tolerated Sphingomonas (clone 3214512, 1052559, 237613, 1048605) Bacillus New.ReferenceOTU111, 593219, 578257), Penicillium (SH1533734.08FU, SH1692798.08FU) Trichocladium (SH1615601.08FU). Both disturbed yielding mays, a result which its yield leaf greenness decreased. cultivation had positive enzymes microorganisms mitigated anomalies caused microbiome enzymes. decreased aerial parts 37.9% roots 33.9%, whereas respective decreases reached 16.8% 4.3%.

Language: Английский

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Analysis of nationwide soil pesticide pollution: Insights from China

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 252, P. 118988 - 118988

Published: April 23, 2024

Language: Английский

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Selenium Nanomaterials Enhance Sheath Blight Resistance and Nutritional Quality of Rice: Mechanisms of Action and Human Health Benefit

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(20), P. 13084 - 13097

Published: May 10, 2024

In the current work, foliar application of selenium nanomaterials (Se0 NMs) suppressed sheath blight in rice (Oryza sativa). The beneficial effects were nanoscale specific and concentration dependent. Specifically, amendment 5 mg/L Se0 NMs decreased disease severity by 68.8% Rhizoctonia solani-infected rice; this level control was 1.57- 2.20-fold greater than that Se ions with equivalent mass a commercially available pesticide (Thifluzamide). Mechanistically, (1) controlled release ability enabled wider safe range bioavailability to NMs, (2) transcriptomic metabolomic analyses demonstrated simultaneously promoted salicylic acid- jasmonic-acid-dependent acquired resistance pathways, antioxidative system, flavonoid biosynthesis. Additionally, improved yield 31.1%, increased nutritional quality 6.4–7.2%, enhanced organic content 44.8%, arsenic cadmium contents 38.7 42.1%, respectively, grains as compared infected controls. Human simulated gastrointestinal tract model results showed bioaccessibility 22.0% As Cd 20.3 13.4%, respectively. These findings demonstrate can serve an effective sustainable strategy increase food security.

Language: Английский

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Residues of pesticides and veterinary drugs in diets of dairy cattle from conventional and organic farms in Austria

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 316, P. 120626 - 120626

Published: Nov. 8, 2022

Modern agriculture depends highly on pesticides and pharmaceutical preparations, so controlling exposure to these substances in the feed food chain is essential. This article presents first study residues of a broad spectrum veterinary drugs diets dairy cattle. One hundred two representative samples complete diets, including basal rations additional fed concentrate, were collected three Austrian provinces (Styria, Lower Upper Austria) 2019 2020. The tested for >700 pesticides, related metabolites using validated method based liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS). In total, 16 (13 drug residues) detected. > 90% contained pesticide <10% residues, whereas banned not found. most frequent fluopyram (62%), piperonyl butoxide (39%) diethyltoluamide (35%). following exceed default EU maximum residue level (MRL) (10 μg kg-1) products exclusively used animal production: Benzovindiflupyr (proportion MRLs: 1%), bixafen (2%), (6%), ipconazole (1%) tebuconazole (3%). Three (dinitrocarbanilide, monensin nicarbazin) identified, all below MRLs. Over 60% evaluated mixtures six residues/sample. Only one (diethyltoluamide) presented significant difference among regions, with higher concentrations Austria. Brewery's spent grains dietary ingredient that showed strongest correlation residues. These findings evidence realistic scenario occurrent low doses cocktails feed/food chain, which may affect animal, human environmental health. Since risk assessments are single potential synergistic effect co-occurring chemicals ("cocktail effect") requires further investigations.

Language: Английский

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Exposure to the environmental pollutant chlorpyrifos induces hepatic toxicity through activation of the JAK/STAT and MAPK pathways

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 928, P. 171711 - 171711

Published: March 16, 2024

Language: Английский

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Pesticide residues in common and herbal teas combined with risk assessment and transfer to the infusion

Chemosphere, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 143550 - 143550

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Environmental performance of an autonomous laser weeding robot—a case study

The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(6), P. 1021 - 1052

Published: April 8, 2024

Abstract Purpose Challenges in sustainable development envisioned the European Union for agricultural sector require innovation to raise efficiency of production and safety farming processes farmers ensure food consumers. One key productivity factors plant is effective weeding. The WeLASER project aimed develop a high-power autonomous vehicle with lasers control weeds. To be sustainable, invention should have high environmental performance whole life cycle perspective, including its production, use agriculture, end-of-life phase. In publication, assessment (LCA) weeding robot presented. aim was identify weak strong aspects terms provide suggestions improvement. Methods machinery characterized based on technical data provided by developers, relevant literature, Ecoinvent 3.8 database, own calculations. quantitative impacts performed using Simapro tool. For interpretation Recipe 2016 method (egalitarian perspective) applied. Results results show that energy issue related laser-based machine operations most challenging. It climate change indicators fossil fuel depletion. Production phase human toxicity extensive application electronic electric components robot. Conclusion comparison other techniques, weeds shows potential environmentally efficient practice. Achieving perspective requires improvements design, operational features, smart practice enhanced through expertise, guidance, advice.

Language: Английский

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