Recent
changes
in
energy
and
environmental
policies
along
with
the
markets
of
New
York
State
over
past
two
decades,
have
spurred
interest
evaluating
their
impacts
on
emissions
from
various
sectors
such
as
power,
transportation,
residential.
This
study
focused
quantifying
these
effects
subsequent
air
quality
within
City
(NYC)
metropolitan
area.
The
NYC
area,
its
more
than
23
million
residents,
is
an
EPA
nonattainment
region
for
ozone
(O3)
likely
a
VOC
(volatile
organic
compounds)
limited
region.
has
complex
coastal
topography
meteorology
low-level
jets
sea/bay/land
breeze
circulation
associated
heat
waves,
leading
to
summertime
O3
exceedances
formation
secondary
aerosol
(SOA).
To
date,
no
comprehensive
source
apportionment
studies
been
done
understand
contributions
local
long-range
sources
VOCs
this
applied
improved
Positive
Matrix
Factorization
(PMF)
methodology
designed
incorporate
atmospheric
dispersion
photochemical
reaction
losses
provide
results.
Hourly
measurements
were
obtained
Photochemical
Assessment
Monitoring
Station
located
at
urban
site
Bronx,
2000
2021.
further
explores
role
SOA
leverages
advanced
machine
learning
tools,
XGBoost
SHAP
algorithms,
identify
synergistic
interactions
between
provided
ambient
concentrations.
Findings
could
assist
regulatory
agencies
developing
appropriate
policy
management
initiatives
control
pollution
metro
Abstract.
BTEX
(benzene,
toluene,
ethylbenzene,
m,p,o-xylene)
are
significant
urban
air
pollutants.
This
study
examines
variability
across
seven
European
countries
using
data
from
22
monitoring
sites
in
different
settings
(urban
background,
traffic,
industry,
and
suburban
background).
Results
indicate
that
the
relative
abundance
of
areas
follows
order:
toluene
>
benzene
m,p-xylene
o-xylene
with
mean
mixing
ratios
391
±
451,
252
324,
222
297,
92
119,
78
107
ppt
2017
to
2022,
respectively.
Seasonal
trends
show
had
similar
median
concentrations
industrial
sites,
indicating
mixed
sources.
Toluene
levels
were
highest
traffic
areas,
highlighting
road
emissions.
Ethylbenzene
xylenes
showed
equivalent
but
lower
backgrounds.
Peak
occurred
during
morning
evening
rush
hours,
linked
heating,
atmospheric
stagnation.
B/T
ranged
0.29
0.11
1.35
0.95,
X/E
1.75
0.91
3.68
0.30,
primary
pollution
local
followed
by
solvents,
coatings,
biomass
burning.
Lifetime
Cancer
Risk
(LCR)
values
for
exposure
below
definite
risk
threshold
(10−4)
above
permissible
level
(10−6),
suggesting
moderate
particularly
areas.
offers
essential
insights
into
environments.
Environment International,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
191, P. 108993 - 108993
Published: Sept. 1, 2024
Changes
in
energy
and
environmental
policies
along
with
changes
the
markets
of
New
York
State
over
past
two
decades,
have
spurred
interest
evaluating
their
impacts
on
emissions
from
various
generation
sectors.
This
study
focused
quantifying
these
effects
VOC
(volatile
organic
compounds)
subsequent
air
quality
within
City
(NYC)
metropolitan
area.
NYC
is
an
EPA
nonattainment
region
for
ozone
(O
Atmospheric chemistry and physics,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
24(22), P. 12861 - 12879
Published: Nov. 20, 2024
Abstract.
Chemical
losses
of
ambient
reactive
volatile
organic
compounds
(VOCs)
is
a
long-term
issue
yet
to
be
resolved
in
VOC
source
apportionments.
These
substantially
reduce
the
concentrations
highly
species
apportioned
factor
profiles
and
result
underestimation
contributions.
This
review
assesses
common
methods
existing
issues
ways
loss
impacts
analyses
suggests
research
directions
for
improved
Positive
matrix
factorization
(PMF)
now
main
analysis
method
compared
other
mathematical
models.
The
using
any
apportionment
tool
processing
data
analyzed
losses.
Estimating
initial
VOCs
based
on
photochemical
age
has
become
primary
approach
effects
PMF,
except
selecting
low-reactivity
or
nighttime
into
analysis.
Currently,
concentration
only
considers
daytime
reactions
with
hydroxyl
(⚫OH)
radicals.
However,
⚫OH
rate
constants
vary
temperature,
that
not
been
considered.
Losses
from
O3
NO3
radicals,
especially
alkene
species,
remain
included.
Thus,
accuracy
estimation
uncertain.
Beyond
developing
accurate
quantitative
approaches
losses,
consumed
quantification
different
contributions
secondary
aerosols
are
important
additional
future
research.
Recent
changes
in
energy
and
environmental
policies
along
with
the
markets
of
New
York
State
over
past
two
decades,
have
spurred
interest
evaluating
their
impacts
on
emissions
from
various
sectors
such
as
power,
transportation,
residential.
This
study
focused
quantifying
these
effects
subsequent
air
quality
within
City
(NYC)
metropolitan
area.
The
NYC
area,
its
more
than
23
million
residents,
is
an
EPA
nonattainment
region
for
ozone
(O3)
likely
a
VOC
(volatile
organic
compounds)
limited
region.
has
complex
coastal
topography
meteorology
low-level
jets
sea/bay/land
breeze
circulation
associated
heat
waves,
leading
to
summertime
O3
exceedances
formation
secondary
aerosol
(SOA).
To
date,
no
comprehensive
source
apportionment
studies
been
done
understand
contributions
local
long-range
sources
VOCs
this
applied
improved
Positive
Matrix
Factorization
(PMF)
methodology
designed
incorporate
atmospheric
dispersion
photochemical
reaction
losses
provide
results.
Hourly
measurements
were
obtained
Photochemical
Assessment
Monitoring
Station
located
at
urban
site
Bronx,
2000
2021.
further
explores
role
SOA
leverages
advanced
machine
learning
tools,
XGBoost
SHAP
algorithms,
identify
synergistic
interactions
between
provided
ambient
concentrations.
Findings
could
assist
regulatory
agencies
developing
appropriate
policy
management
initiatives
control
pollution
metro
