PFC/PFAS concentrations in human milk and infant exposure through lactation: a comprehensive review of the scientific literature

Archives of Toxicology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 22, 2025

Abstract Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), previously known as perfluorinated compounds (PFC), are a group of synthetic chemicals widely used over the past decades. Their extensive application, combined with their environmental persistence, has contributed to ubiquitous presence in environment associated toxicological risks. Regarding humans, blood serum testing remains primary method for biomonitoring PFAS exposure, while breast milk also been due transfer these from mothers infants during lactation. This paper aims review scientific literature (using PubMed Scopus databases) on concentrations non-occupationally exposed women. Where available, estimated daily intake by breastfeeding is examined. The reviewed studies categorized continent country/region, revealing significant lack data many countries, including both developed developing nations. findings indicate substantial variability concentrations, influenced factors such geographic location, sampling year, specific analyzed. Among identified compounds, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) most commonly detected, along perfluorohexanesulfonic (PFHxS) perfluorononanoic (PFNA), being only regulated maximum levels certain foodstuffs. Most were conducted before implementation current (updated) tolerable weekly (TWI) values substances. Consequently, majority reported low health risk infants, even high-intake scenarios. Nevertheless, urgently needed countries limited or no data, new investigations should assess whether intakes exceed updated TWI. Special focus be given rural industrial areas where exposure remain poorly understood.

Language: Английский

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Contamination of the terrestrial food chain by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and related human health risks: A systematic review

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 961, P. 178337 - 178337

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

PFAS contamination is a global issue, affecting various food sources, especially animal-based products like eggs and dairy. Collect scientific evidence of the presence in diverse edible resources along with related risks to human health, pursuing following objectives: determination level terrestrial chain contamination; health risk. Scopus, PubMed, Web Science databases. 4952 papers published from January 2013 August 2024 were retrieved at end selection process, 40 studies included. Clear description methodology used for detection; relevance or species, their parts, intended consumption; assessment Higher number China, 17, Italy 6 studies. The most detected PFOA PFOS. PFOS was maximum concentration about ng/g 2.5 ng/g, muscles cow pork, respectively. Among animal products, contaminated higher than 100 ng/g. For PFBS ranged 35 up 45 In vegetables, highest per- polyfluoroalkyl root, fruit, leaf vegetables 60 as PFBA. Daily Intake (DI) values toddlers, whereas lowest adult population. Concerning total diet, DI 30 (ng/kg bw/day) 90 bw/day). widespread PFAS, need new strategies reduce chains, emphasized. Gaps legislation limits detection methods also noted.

Language: Английский

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Nano-/Microrobots for Environmental Remediation in the Eyes of Nanoarchitectonics:

Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Nano-/microrobots have been demonstrated as an efficient solution for environmental remediation. Their strength lies in their propulsion abilities that allow active “on-the-fly” operation, such pollutant detection, capture, transport, degradation, and disruption. Another advantage is versatility, which allows the engineering of highly functional solutions a specific application. However, latter can bring complexity to applications; versatility dimensionality, morphology, materials, surface decorations, other modifications has crucial effect on resulting abilities, compatibility with environment, overall functionality. Synergy between decorations its projection functionality object nanoarchitectonics. Here, we scrutinize nano-/microrobots eyes nanoarchitectonics: list general concepts help assess synergy limitations individual procedures fabrication processes operation at macroscale. The nanoarchitectonics approached from microscopic level, focusing dimensionality through nanoscopic evaluating influence decoration nanoparticles quantum dots, moving molecular single-atomic level very fine tuning presented review aims lay provide overview advanced nano-/microrobot remediation beyond.

Language: Английский

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Legacy and alternative per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances spatiotemporal distribution in China: human exposure, environmental media, and risk assessment

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 480, P. 135795 - 135795

Published: Sept. 12, 2024

Language: Английский

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Current and emerging issues in chemical food safety

Current Opinion in Food Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 101284 - 101284

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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“Forever chemicals”: a sticky environmental problem

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(10)

Published: July 18, 2024

Language: Английский

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Design of deep eutectic solvents for multiple perfluoroalkyl substances removal: Energy-based screening and mechanism elucidation

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 949, P. 175039 - 175039

Published: July 29, 2024

Language: Английский

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Occurrence of emerging and persistent organic pollutants in the rivers Cam, Ouse and Thames, UK

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 962, P. 178436 - 178436

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

The widespread occurrence of new and emerging persistent organic pollutants (NEPs POPs) in surface water poses a risk to drinking supply consequently human health. aim this work was investigate the potential transport 42 target NEPs POPs (including per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), pharmaceuticals, pesticides bisphenols) along rural urban environments three rivers England. type concentrations varied between sampling days points. Two pharmaceuticals (diclofenac ibuprofen), two (diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) prosulfocarb) range PFAS were detected above method detection limit. observed include restricted perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic (PFOS) newer generation substitute 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (6:2 FTS). levels PFOS diclofenac all studied exceeded European environmental quality standard (EQS). high frequency river Ouse suggests their persistence contaminate connecting tributaries. An assessment ecological prosulfocarb samples from Ouse, using quotient method, showed algae, planktonic crustaceans, fish. Our results suggest that presence 12 POPs, could potentially be influenced by anthropogenic activities across rivers. study highlights need for continuous monitoring new-generation chemicals waters understand impact on ecosystem public

Language: Английский

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Selection of the critical effect size alters hazard characterization – a retrospective analysis of key studies used for risk assessments of PFAS

Frontiers in Toxicology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: March 14, 2025

Regulatory values for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) vary widely across agencies, creating inconsistencies that challenge effective risk management public health communication. These differences often stem from methodological choices in determining points of departure (PoDs), the selection critical effect size (CES) modeling framework benchmark dose (BMD) analysis. This study investigates impact CES on hazard characterization by analyzing how variations influence resulting PoDs health-based guidance values. A retrospective analysis key studies four regulatory PFAS assessments was conducted, covering both animal epidemiological data (thyroid hormone, cholesterol, vaccine response). options compared included 5%, 10%, one standard deviation background, a generalized theory, using frequentist Bayesian statistics. The findings show statistical approach substantially affect BMD estimates such as lower bound (BMDL) respective confidence interval or credible interval; with larger yielding more biologically relevant, stable results. For instance, methods provided narrower intervals, to at levels, minimizing overly conservative assessments. However, comparison PoD previously derived European Food Safety Authority results generally suggest In conclusion, this supports use flexible, endpoint-specific model averaging, which may enhance accuracy consistency values, offering robust foundation

Language: Английский

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One-step synthesis of reduced graphene oxide/activated carbon composite for efficient removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances from drinking water: Adsorption mechanisms and DFT study

Separation and Purification Technology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 132797 - 132797

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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