T-2 Toxin Nephrotoxicity: Toxic Effects, Mechanisms, Mitigations, and Future Perspectives

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

T-2 toxin is a highly toxic fungal that threatens humans and animals' health. As major detoxifying metabolic organ, the kidney also target of toxin. This article reviews nephrotoxicity research progress, covering renal structure function damage, mechanisms, detoxification methods to future directions. damages structure, causing dysfunction. The mechanism involves multiple factors including oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum mitophagy, inflammatory responses, apoptosis, which are intertwined interdependent. Current strategies mainly involve reducing in feedstuff using antioxidant substances, but both have limits. Future should focus on cells sensitivity toxin, exploring key molecules toxin's nephrotoxicity, injury's impact other organs, better methods. review aims guide underpin toxin-induced prevention treatment.

Language: Английский

Metabolomic Profiling of Human Urine Related to Mycotoxin Exposure

Toxins, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 75 - 75

Published: Feb. 8, 2025

Human exposure to mycotoxins is a global concern since several mycotoxins, such as enniatins and aflatoxins, have shown carcinogenic neurotoxic effects, the toxicologic mechanisms of most them still need be clarified. This study aims investigate metabolic pathways affected by mycotoxin evaluating metabolite alterations in urine. The participants were 540 women from Spanish Childhood Environment Project (INMA). For identification, dilute shoot extraction, followed HPLC-Q-TOF-MS identification analysis, was performed. Data processed using Agilent Mass Hunter Workstation with METLIN database, Profiler Professional 10.0, Metaboanalyst 6.0. Over 2000 metabolites obtained each sample after feature significant (p-value ≤ 0.05, fold change ≥ 2.0) considered for pathway analysis. Enrichment analysis topology showed that significantly biosynthesis unsaturated fatty acids (adjusted p-value = 0.007), four metabolomic hits associated: linoleic acid, octadecanoic acid/stearic an arachidonic acid metabolite, (9Z)-octadecenoic acid/oleic acid. Other related (unadjusted 0.1) included biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, ether lipid metabolism. present highlights importance metabolomics increasing knowledge toxicity health effects especially emerging ones.

Language: Английский

The different response of PM2.5 stimulated nasal epithelial spheroids in control, asthma and COPD groups

Respiratory Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(1)

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

Pathobiology of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with changes among respiratory epithelium structure function. Increased levels PM2.5 from urban particulate matter (UPM) are correlated enlarged rate COPD morbidity as well acute exacerbation. It has been suggested that pre-existing diseases predispose for different biological response than in healthy airways. The aim this study was to assess the impact on using 3D/spheroid culture model. spheroids 5 controls, 8 patients, patients were exposed 100 µg/ml 24 h. common pattern inflammatory stimulation include increase IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 mRNA expression, secretion IL-6. Asthmatic produced higher amount TNF-α IL-8, whereas expressed increased level MUC5AC decreased MMP7. treatment induced AHR TLR4 expression secretory COPD. airway air pollution people lung patients. impairment their toxic environmental stimuli. This physiological dysfunction might be exacerbation diseases.

Language: Английский