
Environment International, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 109372 - 109372
Published: March 1, 2025
Human activities generate a large amount of environmental pollutants, including drugs and agricultural industrial chemicals that are released into the air, water, soil. Environmental pollutants can enter food animals through contaminated feed posing risks to human health via chain. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is used predict target organ dosimetry informing risk assessment. However, there lack critical reviews concerning PBPK models for in last several years (2020-2024). This review part series focusing on applications inform safety assessments. Part I focused veterinary drugs. The present article II focuses chemicals, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), bisphenols, per- polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). discusses existing challenges developing shares our perspectives future directions, combinations vitro vivo extrapolation (IVIVE), machine learning artificial intelligence, read-across approaches, quantitative pharmacodynamic enhance potential assessing safety.
Language: Английский