Exploring the evidence for epigenetic regulation of environmental influences on child health across generations

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: June 22, 2021

Environmental exposures, psychosocial stressors and nutrition are all potentially important influences that may impact health outcomes directly or via interactions with the genome epigenome over generations. While there have been clear successes in large-scale human genetic studies recent decades, is still a substantial amount of missing heritability to be elucidated for complex childhood disorders. Mounting evidence, primarily animals, suggests environmental exposures generate perpetuate altered across one more One putative mechanism these effects epigenetic regulation. This review highlights current epidemiologic literature supporting animal describe intergenerational transgenerational exposures. Both maternal paternal transmission patterns considered, attention paid attendant ethical, legal social implications.

Language: Английский

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Reasons for worldwide decline in male fertility

Current Opinion in Urology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 30(3), P. 296 - 301

Published: March 11, 2020

To review the evidence regarding a decrease in worldwide sperm parameters and discuss potential causative factors.The topic of decline is contentious; however, recent high-quality studies have demonstrated that there indeed parameters. Several retrospective basic science shown possible links for this such as obesity, diet, environmental toxins.There exist substantial data to suggest counts over time. Although factors yet be fully elucidated, causes include, increased rates poor exposure toxins. How reflects fertility has determined. As such, further are necessary evaluate whether count correlates with decreased fecundity how identify mitigate factors.

Language: Английский

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The Endocrine Disruption of Prenatal Phthalate Exposure in Mother and Offspring

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Aug. 28, 2020

Phthalates are a group of ubiquitous synthetic endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Fetal and neonatal periods particularly susceptible to endocrine disorders which prenatal exposure phthalates cause. There is increasing evidence concerning the potential for during pregnancy. This article aims review impairment outcomes exposure. Prenatal give rise alterations thyroid sex hormone levels in pregnant women offspring disruption circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D mother, result adverse maternal such as preterm birth, preeclampsia, glucose mother cryptorchidism, hypospadias, well shorter anogenital distance newborns, growth restriction not only infants but also early adolescence childhood. The relationship phthalate with human beings was often sex-specific associations. Due potentially harmful influence exposure, steps should be taken prevent or reduce

Language: Английский

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Environmental contaminants and male infertility: Effects and mechanisms

Andrologia, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 53(1)

Published: May 24, 2020

The escalating prevalence of male infertility and decreasing trend in sperm quality have been correlated with rapid industrialisation the associated discharge an excess synthetic substances into environment. Humans are inevitably exposed to these ubiquitously distributed environmental contaminants, which possess ability intervene growth function reproductive organs. Several epidemiological reports blood seminal levels contaminants poor quality. Numerous vivo vitro studies conducted investigate effect various on spermatogenesis, steroidogenesis, Sertoli cells, blood-testis barrier, epididymis functions. reported reprotoxic effects include alterations spermatogenic cycle, increased germ cell apoptosis, inhibition decreased Leydig viability, impairment structure function, altered expression steroid receptors, permeability induction peroxidative epigenetic spermatozoa resulting function. In light recent scientific reports, this review discusses possible mechanisms action.

Language: Английский

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Praegnatio Perturbatio—Impact of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals

Endocrine Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 42(3), P. 295 - 353

Published: Jan. 3, 2021

Abstract The burden of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth and low weight is considerable across the world. Several risk factors for have been identified. One factor receiving attention in recent years gestational exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Humans are exposed a multitude environmental with known properties, evidence suggests these EDCs potential disrupt maternal-fetal environment culminating outcomes. This review addresses impact maternal fetal natural man-made disrupting milieu human leading outcomes—a adult-onset noncommunicable diseases, role lifestyle play mitigating or amplifying effects EDCs, underlying mechanisms mediators involved, research directions on which focus future investigations help alleviate EDC exposure.

Language: Английский

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Redox mechanisms of environmental toxicants on male reproductive function

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Feb. 26, 2024

Humans and wildlife, including domesticated animals, are exposed to a myriad of environmental contaminants that derived from various human activities, agricultural, household, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, industrial products. Excessive exposure pesticides, heavy metals, phthalates consequently causes the overproduction reactive oxygen species. The equilibrium between species antioxidant system is preserved maintain cellular redox homeostasis. Mitochondria play key role in function cell survival. vulnerable damage can be provoked by exposures. Once mitochondrial metabolism damaged, it interferes with energy eventually free radicals. Furthermore, also perceives inflammation signals generate an inflammatory response, which involved pathophysiological mechanisms. A depleted provokes oxidative stress triggers regulates epigenetic apoptotic events. Apart that, these chemicals influence steroidogenesis, deteriorate sperm quality, male reproductive organs. It strongly believed signaling molecules regulators mediate toxicity. This review article aims spotlight toxicology on reproduction its fertility prognosis. we shed light modulating response toxins function. Additionally, emphasize supporting evidence diverse animal studies.

Language: Английский

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GSTA2 overexpression alleviates bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)-induced male reproductive disorders by inhibiting oxidative stress-mediated cell apoptosis via the activated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 112462 - 112462

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of Testicular Disruption from Exposure to Bisphenol A and Phtalates

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(2), P. 471 - 471

Published: Feb. 8, 2020

Great attention has been paid in recent years to the harmful effects of various chemicals that interfere with our natural hormone balance, collectively known as endocrine-disrupting (EDCs) or endocrine disruptors. The on reproductive system bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates have received particular attention: while they a short half-life, are so widespread human exposure can be considered continuous. Evidence is often limited animal model, disregarding likelihood mixture contaminants. Data from models show maternal probably male fetus, an increased risk urogenital developmental abnormalities. After birth, associated changes hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, hindering development function genital pathways through mediation inflammatory mechanisms oxidative stress. epidemiological clinical evidence, generally confirming association between abnormalities some phthalate esters BPA, more contradictory, wildly different findings. aim this review therefore provide update potential damage caused by BPA evidence currently available literature.

Language: Английский

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Placental outcomes of phthalate exposure

Reproductive Toxicology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 103, P. 1 - 17

Published: May 17, 2021

Language: Английский

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Impacts of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on prostate function and cancer

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 204, P. 112085 - 112085

Published: Sept. 22, 2021

Because of their historical mode action, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are associated with sex-steroid receptors, namely the two estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) androgen receptor (AR). Broadly, EDCs can modulate functions. They also indirectly impact pathways by influencing steroidogenesis, expression AR or ERs, respective activity as transcription factors. Additionally, many these have multiple cellular targets other than which results in a myriad potential effects humans. The current article reviews association between prostate cancer functions four prominent EDC families: bisphenols, phthalates, phytoestrogens, mycoestrogens. Results from both vitro vivo models included discussed to better assess molecular mechanisms modify biology. To overcome heterogeneity published, we established common guidelines properly study context endocrine diseases. Firstly, used must be determined before testing. Then, parallel EDCs, pharmacological compounds acting positive (agonists) negative controls (antagonists) employed. Finally, need precise range concentrations avoid off-target effects. By adequately integrating endocrinology aspects studies identifying underlying mechanisms, will truly understand on distinguish those that favor progression disease slow down tumor development.

Language: Английский

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