Biology of Reproduction,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
104(2), P. 305 - 316
Published: Oct. 30, 2020
Di-isononyl
phthalate
(DiNP)
is
a
high
molecular
weight,
general
purpose,
plasticizer
used
primarily
in
the
manufacture
of
polymers
and
consumer
products.
It
can
be
metabolized
rapidly
does
not
bioaccumulate.
The
primary
metabolite
DiNP
monoisononyl-phthalate
(MiNP)
secondary
metabolites
include
three
oxidative
derivatives
DiNP,
which
have
been
identified
mainly
urine:
mono-oxoisononyl
(MOINP
or
oxo-MiNP),
mono-carboxyisooctyl
(MCIOP,
MCOP
cx-MiNP),
mono-hydroxyisononyl
(MHINP
OH-MiNP).
are
very
sensitive
biomarkers
exposure
while
not.
As
usage
worldwide
increases,
studies
evaluating
its
potential
reproductive
toxicity
becoming
more
prevalent
literature.
In
on
female
animals,
researchers
found
that
to
appears
induce
negative
effects
ovarian
function
fertility
animal
models.
Whether
has
direct
uterus
still
controversial,
human
reproduction
require
much
research.
Studies
males
indicate
disruptive
male
fertility.
Occupational
also
might
reproduction,
but
larger
cohort
needed
confirm
this.
This
review
presents
an
overview
literature
regarding
DiNP.
Communications Biology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
4(1)
Published: June 22, 2021
Environmental
exposures,
psychosocial
stressors
and
nutrition
are
all
potentially
important
influences
that
may
impact
health
outcomes
directly
or
via
interactions
with
the
genome
epigenome
over
generations.
While
there
have
been
clear
successes
in
large-scale
human
genetic
studies
recent
decades,
is
still
a
substantial
amount
of
missing
heritability
to
be
elucidated
for
complex
childhood
disorders.
Mounting
evidence,
primarily
animals,
suggests
environmental
exposures
generate
perpetuate
altered
across
one
more
One
putative
mechanism
these
effects
epigenetic
regulation.
This
review
highlights
current
epidemiologic
literature
supporting
animal
describe
intergenerational
transgenerational
exposures.
Both
maternal
paternal
transmission
patterns
considered,
attention
paid
attendant
ethical,
legal
social
implications.
Current Opinion in Urology,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
30(3), P. 296 - 301
Published: March 11, 2020
To
review
the
evidence
regarding
a
decrease
in
worldwide
sperm
parameters
and
discuss
potential
causative
factors.The
topic
of
decline
is
contentious;
however,
recent
high-quality
studies
have
demonstrated
that
there
indeed
parameters.
Several
retrospective
basic
science
shown
possible
links
for
this
such
as
obesity,
diet,
environmental
toxins.There
exist
substantial
data
to
suggest
counts
over
time.
Although
factors
yet
be
fully
elucidated,
causes
include,
increased
rates
poor
exposure
toxins.
How
reflects
fertility
has
determined.
As
such,
further
are
necessary
evaluate
whether
count
correlates
with
decreased
fecundity
how
identify
mitigate
factors.
Frontiers in Public Health,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
8
Published: Aug. 28, 2020
Phthalates
are
a
group
of
ubiquitous
synthetic
endocrine-disrupting
chemicals.
Fetal
and
neonatal
periods
particularly
susceptible
to
endocrine
disorders
which
prenatal
exposure
phthalates
cause.
There
is
increasing
evidence
concerning
the
potential
for
during
pregnancy.
This
article
aims
review
impairment
outcomes
exposure.
Prenatal
give
rise
alterations
thyroid
sex
hormone
levels
in
pregnant
women
offspring
disruption
circulating
25-hydroxyvitamin
D
mother,
result
adverse
maternal
such
as
preterm
birth,
preeclampsia,
glucose
mother
cryptorchidism,
hypospadias,
well
shorter
anogenital
distance
newborns,
growth
restriction
not
only
infants
but
also
early
adolescence
childhood.
The
relationship
phthalate
with
human
beings
was
often
sex-specific
associations.
Due
potentially
harmful
influence
exposure,
steps
should
be
taken
prevent
or
reduce
Andrologia,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
53(1)
Published: May 24, 2020
The
escalating
prevalence
of
male
infertility
and
decreasing
trend
in
sperm
quality
have
been
correlated
with
rapid
industrialisation
the
associated
discharge
an
excess
synthetic
substances
into
environment.
Humans
are
inevitably
exposed
to
these
ubiquitously
distributed
environmental
contaminants,
which
possess
ability
intervene
growth
function
reproductive
organs.
Several
epidemiological
reports
blood
seminal
levels
contaminants
poor
quality.
Numerous
vivo
vitro
studies
conducted
investigate
effect
various
on
spermatogenesis,
steroidogenesis,
Sertoli
cells,
blood-testis
barrier,
epididymis
functions.
reported
reprotoxic
effects
include
alterations
spermatogenic
cycle,
increased
germ
cell
apoptosis,
inhibition
decreased
Leydig
viability,
impairment
structure
function,
altered
expression
steroid
receptors,
permeability
induction
peroxidative
epigenetic
spermatozoa
resulting
function.
In
light
recent
scientific
reports,
this
review
discusses
possible
mechanisms
action.
Endocrine Reviews,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
42(3), P. 295 - 353
Published: Jan. 3, 2021
Abstract
The
burden
of
adverse
pregnancy
outcomes
such
as
preterm
birth
and
low
weight
is
considerable
across
the
world.
Several
risk
factors
for
have
been
identified.
One
factor
receiving
attention
in
recent
years
gestational
exposure
to
endocrine-disrupting
chemicals
(EDCs).
Humans
are
exposed
a
multitude
environmental
with
known
properties,
evidence
suggests
these
EDCs
potential
disrupt
maternal-fetal
environment
culminating
outcomes.
This
review
addresses
impact
maternal
fetal
natural
man-made
disrupting
milieu
human
leading
outcomes—a
adult-onset
noncommunicable
diseases,
role
lifestyle
play
mitigating
or
amplifying
effects
EDCs,
underlying
mechanisms
mediators
involved,
research
directions
on
which
focus
future
investigations
help
alleviate
EDC
exposure.
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: Feb. 26, 2024
Humans
and
wildlife,
including
domesticated
animals,
are
exposed
to
a
myriad
of
environmental
contaminants
that
derived
from
various
human
activities,
agricultural,
household,
cosmetic,
pharmaceutical,
industrial
products.
Excessive
exposure
pesticides,
heavy
metals,
phthalates
consequently
causes
the
overproduction
reactive
oxygen
species.
The
equilibrium
between
species
antioxidant
system
is
preserved
maintain
cellular
redox
homeostasis.
Mitochondria
play
key
role
in
function
cell
survival.
vulnerable
damage
can
be
provoked
by
exposures.
Once
mitochondrial
metabolism
damaged,
it
interferes
with
energy
eventually
free
radicals.
Furthermore,
also
perceives
inflammation
signals
generate
an
inflammatory
response,
which
involved
pathophysiological
mechanisms.
A
depleted
provokes
oxidative
stress
triggers
regulates
epigenetic
apoptotic
events.
Apart
that,
these
chemicals
influence
steroidogenesis,
deteriorate
sperm
quality,
male
reproductive
organs.
It
strongly
believed
signaling
molecules
regulators
mediate
toxicity.
This
review
article
aims
spotlight
toxicology
on
reproduction
its
fertility
prognosis.
we
shed
light
modulating
response
toxins
function.
Additionally,
emphasize
supporting
evidence
diverse
animal
studies.
Journal of Clinical Medicine,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
9(2), P. 471 - 471
Published: Feb. 8, 2020
Great
attention
has
been
paid
in
recent
years
to
the
harmful
effects
of
various
chemicals
that
interfere
with
our
natural
hormone
balance,
collectively
known
as
endocrine-disrupting
(EDCs)
or
endocrine
disruptors.
The
on
reproductive
system
bisphenol
A
(BPA)
and
phthalates
have
received
particular
attention:
while
they
a
short
half-life,
are
so
widespread
human
exposure
can
be
considered
continuous.
Evidence
is
often
limited
animal
model,
disregarding
likelihood
mixture
contaminants.
Data
from
models
show
maternal
probably
male
fetus,
an
increased
risk
urogenital
developmental
abnormalities.
After
birth,
associated
changes
hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular
axis,
hindering
development
function
genital
pathways
through
mediation
inflammatory
mechanisms
oxidative
stress.
epidemiological
clinical
evidence,
generally
confirming
association
between
abnormalities
some
phthalate
esters
BPA,
more
contradictory,
wildly
different
findings.
aim
this
review
therefore
provide
update
potential
damage
caused
by
BPA
evidence
currently
available
literature.
Environmental Research,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
204, P. 112085 - 112085
Published: Sept. 22, 2021
Because
of
their
historical
mode
action,
endocrine-disrupting
chemicals
(EDCs)
are
associated
with
sex-steroid
receptors,
namely
the
two
estrogen
receptors
(ERα
and
ERβ)
androgen
receptor
(AR).
Broadly,
EDCs
can
modulate
functions.
They
also
indirectly
impact
pathways
by
influencing
steroidogenesis,
expression
AR
or
ERs,
respective
activity
as
transcription
factors.
Additionally,
many
these
have
multiple
cellular
targets
other
than
which
results
in
a
myriad
potential
effects
humans.
The
current
article
reviews
association
between
prostate
cancer
functions
four
prominent
EDC
families:
bisphenols,
phthalates,
phytoestrogens,
mycoestrogens.
Results
from
both
vitro
vivo
models
included
discussed
to
better
assess
molecular
mechanisms
modify
biology.
To
overcome
heterogeneity
published,
we
established
common
guidelines
properly
study
context
endocrine
diseases.
Firstly,
used
must
be
determined
before
testing.
Then,
parallel
EDCs,
pharmacological
compounds
acting
positive
(agonists)
negative
controls
(antagonists)
employed.
Finally,
need
precise
range
concentrations
avoid
off-target
effects.
By
adequately
integrating
endocrinology
aspects
studies
identifying
underlying
mechanisms,
will
truly
understand
on
distinguish
those
that
favor
progression
disease
slow
down
tumor
development.