Comprehensive survey of Early to Middle Triassic Gondwanan floras reveals under-representation of plant–arthropod interactions DOI Creative Commons

Holly-Anne Turner,

Stephen McLoughlin, Chris Mays

et al.

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Sept. 11, 2024

Plants and arthropods are primary drivers of terrestrial ecosystem function. Trace fossils plant–arthropod interactions (PAIs) provide a unique window into assessing states through geological time evaluating changes in herbivorous arthropod feeding guilds the wake global biotic crises. The end-Permian event (EPE; c. 252 Ma) resulted loss keystone plant species from humid tropical high-latitude ecosystems extinction several major insect groups. subsequent Early to Middle Triassic evinced diminished productivity, punctuated by series second-order crises that hindered recovery. Here, we survey records Gondwanan floral assemblages for evidence PAIs as an indication recovery following EPE. We compiled comprehensive dataset fossil taxa lower Mesozoic strata Gondwana, revealing increase specific generic diversity Triassic. noted lack reported many localities with abundant leaves, which might be interpreted consequence post-EPE delay compared flora. However, comparing between regions our results also partly attribute absence relative paucity palaeoichnological palaeobotanical studies this interval. To test potential under-reporting Triassic, present case study well-described Australian Benolong Flora. In contrast existing PAI reports on only three specimens, systematic investigation revealed 44 traces comparable published examples, hosted 40 fragments (7.77% assessed; N = 591). Margin-feeding constituted dominant Functional Feeding Group (FFG) identified (23 examples: 3.72% assessed). Our review highlights fossil-rich successions collections require further examination. predict investigations these will greatly elucidate relationships rapidly changing environments during their effects communities Southern Hemisphere.

Language: Английский

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) evidence for frequent combustion events on land during the Permian–Triassic transition in Northwest China DOI
S. Q. Jiao, Hua Zhang, Yao-feng Cai

et al.

Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 642, P. 112152 - 112152

Published: March 15, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Mechanisms of global climate change during the five major mass extinctions DOI Creative Commons
Kunio Kaiho

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: May 12, 2025

Since the emergence of diverse animal phyla around 500 million years ago, five major mass extinction events have occurred, each coinciding with abnormal climate changes. We analyzed sedimentary organic molecules from first and least understood event at end Ordovician period. divided all extinctions into two phases each, totaling ten events, examined relationship between shifts "coronene index"-an indicator heating temperatures in rocks caused by volcanic activity or meteorite impacts. As a result, we found that four began global cooling ended warming, while one started an unknown anomaly also warming. During initial phases, showed low-temperature heating, high-temperature, moderate-temperature. All subsequent warming moderate-temperature heating. These findings suggest large-scale eruptions impacts heated sulfides, sulfates, hydrocarbons varying temperatures, releasing SO2 soot stratosphere, blocking sunlight, triggering extinction. This was followed moderate carbonates, increasing CO2 emissions driving long-term leading to secondary events.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
The great catastrophe: causes of the Permo-Triassic marine mass extinction DOI Creative Commons
Paul B. Wignall, David P.G. Bond

National Science Review, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Oct. 25, 2023

ABSTRACT The marine losses during the Permo-Triassic mass extinction were worst ever experienced. All groups badly affected, especially amongst benthos (e.g. brachiopods, corals, bryozoans, foraminifers, ostracods). Planktonic populations underwent a fundamental change with eukaryotic algae being replaced by nitrogen-fixing bacteria, green-sulphur sulphate-reducing bacteria and prasinophytes. Detailed studies of boundary sections, those in South China, have resolved crisis to ∼55 kyr interval straddling boundary. Many occur at beginning end this painting picture two-phase extinction. Improved knowledge has been supported numerous geochemical that allow diverse proposed mechanisms be studied. A transition from oxygenated anoxic-euxinic conditions is seen most sections globally, although intensity timing shows regional variability. Decreased ocean ventilation coincides rapidly rising temperatures many scenarios attribute both anoxia high temperatures. Other kill include acidification for which there conflicting support proxies and, even less likely, siltation (burial under massive influx terrigenous sediment) lacks substantive sedimentological evidence. ultimate driver catastrophic changes Permian was likely Siberian Trap eruptions their associated carbon dioxide emissions consequences such as warming, stagnation acidification. Volcanic winter episodes stemming volcanism also linked crisis, but short-term nature these (<decades) overwhelming evidence rapid warming makes an unlikely cause. Finally, whilst well studied equatorial latitudes, different history found northern Boreal latitudes including earlier merits further study order fully understand course cause extinctions.

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Paleontologic, paleogeographic, and sedimentologic controls on the spatial-temporal distribution of Permian sponge reefs in South China DOI
Xuesong Tian, Kun Liang, Olev Vinn

et al.

Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 654, P. 112472 - 112472

Published: Sept. 2, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Hyperthermal-driven anoxia and reduced productivity in the aftermath of the Permian-Triassic mass extinction: a case study from Western Canada DOI Creative Commons
A.D. Woods, John‐Paul Zonneveld,

R. L. Wakefield

et al.

Frontiers in Earth Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Dec. 13, 2023

Introduction: The eruption of the Siberian Traps near Permian-Triassic boundary (PTB) resulted in rapid input vast amounts CO 2 into atmosphere and subsequent development a hothouse climate across much Early Triassic. distribution environmental stresses led to complex recovery as survivors navigated high SSTs shallow settings an expanded OMZ that impinged upon continental shelves. Ursula Creek section western British Columbia preserves complete Lower-lowermost Middle Triassic sedimentary record deep-water facies provides means examine how offshore oceanic conditions varied along margin Pangaea PTB entire interval. Methods: A total 204 samples were collected from uppermost Permian Fantasque Formation, Griesbachian—Dienerian Grayling Formation Smithian—Anisian Toad analyzed for major, minor, trace elements addition %TOC contents. Results: Anoxic euxinic persistent during deposition most study interval based on lithologic indicators (finely-laminated siltstone lacks fossils benthic fauna) elevated Mo, U, V enrichment factors (EFs). Ba, Cu, Ni, P, Zn EFs indicate dampened productivity (EFs <1) was result weakened upwelling global An increase Anisian track decline temperatures reestablishment coastal thermal gradients wind speeds increased. Discussion: results this point persistence hyperthermal events associated stressors underscores urgency curbing modern greenhouse gas emissions prevent Earth tipping state.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Role of volcanism and impact heating in mass extinction climate shifts DOI Creative Commons
Kunio Kaiho

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: April 30, 2024

This study investigates the mechanisms underlying varied climate changes witnessed during mass extinctions in Phanerozoic Eon. Climate shifts have manifested as either predominant global cooling or warming, yet causes behind these occurrences remain unclear. We emphasize significance of sedimentary rock temperature comprehending shifts. Our research reveals that low-temperature heating sulfide leads to through release sulfur dioxide (SO2), while intermediate-temperature hydrocarbons and carbonates releases substantial carbon (CO2), contributing warming. High-temperature additionally generates SO2 from sulfate, further cooling. Different degrees contact host can lead different dominant volatile gas emissions, crucially driving warming Moreover, medium high-temperature shock-heating resulting asteroid impacts produces soot hydrocarbons, also Large-scale volcanic activity are both events heat rocks, emitting same gases particles, causing changes. The findings elucidate critical role time understanding major extinctions.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Comprehensive survey of Early to Middle Triassic Gondwanan floras reveals under-representation of plant–arthropod interactions DOI Creative Commons

Holly-Anne Turner,

Stephen McLoughlin, Chris Mays

et al.

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Sept. 11, 2024

Plants and arthropods are primary drivers of terrestrial ecosystem function. Trace fossils plant–arthropod interactions (PAIs) provide a unique window into assessing states through geological time evaluating changes in herbivorous arthropod feeding guilds the wake global biotic crises. The end-Permian event (EPE; c. 252 Ma) resulted loss keystone plant species from humid tropical high-latitude ecosystems extinction several major insect groups. subsequent Early to Middle Triassic evinced diminished productivity, punctuated by series second-order crises that hindered recovery. Here, we survey records Gondwanan floral assemblages for evidence PAIs as an indication recovery following EPE. We compiled comprehensive dataset fossil taxa lower Mesozoic strata Gondwana, revealing increase specific generic diversity Triassic. noted lack reported many localities with abundant leaves, which might be interpreted consequence post-EPE delay compared flora. However, comparing between regions our results also partly attribute absence relative paucity palaeoichnological palaeobotanical studies this interval. To test potential under-reporting Triassic, present case study well-described Australian Benolong Flora. In contrast existing PAI reports on only three specimens, systematic investigation revealed 44 traces comparable published examples, hosted 40 fragments (7.77% assessed; N = 591). Margin-feeding constituted dominant Functional Feeding Group (FFG) identified (23 examples: 3.72% assessed). Our review highlights fossil-rich successions collections require further examination. predict investigations these will greatly elucidate relationships rapidly changing environments during their effects communities Southern Hemisphere.

Language: Английский

Citations

0