Energy Reports,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
9, P. 2839 - 2851
Published: Feb. 6, 2023
In
this
paper,
the
formulation
of
energy
market
in
two
wholesale
and
retail
models
for
different
networks
such
as
electric,
gas
thermal
presence
hubs
according
to
two-layer
management
system
is
presented.
first
layer
EMS,
coordination
resources
ALs
with
operator
EHs
considered,
second
ENOs
considered.
proposed
design,
mentioned
have
participated
private
distribution
companies
or
DisCo
then
buy
from
it.
These
shared
purchased
environment
between
consumers
connected
itself.
This
design
expressed
form
two-level
optimization,
upper
level
which
minimization
expected
cost
ENs
markets,
other
losses
market.
following,
Karush–Kuhn–Tucker
(KKT)
method
Pareto
optimization
technique
based
on
epsilon
constraint
were
used
derive
single-level
single-objective
problem.
Then,
unscented
transformation
(UT)
was
model
uncertainties
load,
price,
renewable
power
EV
demand.
Finally,
numerical
results,
it
observed
that
plan
achieves
highest
profit
proportion
time-varying
price.
Also,
optimal
EHs,
has
been
able
reduce
by
about
12%
compared
load
flow
studies.
