South Florida Journal of Development,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
5(11), P. e4662 - e4662
Published: Nov. 22, 2024
This
study
focuses
on
applying
Model
Predictive
Control
(MPC)
for
Multi-Area
Load
Frequency
(LFC)
to
enhance
the
stability
of
interconnected
power
systems
by
regulating
frequency
deviations
and
tie-line
exchanges.
In
a
multi-area
system,
each
region
operates
its
own
generators
faces
unique
load
demands,
leading
potential
imbalances
flow
issues.
MPC
addresses
these
challenges
predicting
future
system
states,
solving
an
optimization
problem
at
time
step,
determining
best
control
actions
minimize
while
respecting
constraints
like
generation
limits.
By
anticipating
disturbances,
such
as
fluctuations
or
renewable
energy
variability,
adjusts
inputs
more
effectively
than
traditional
methods
Proportional-Integral
(PI)
controllers.
The
validates
predictive
model
three-area
electrical
demonstrating
MPC's
capability
improve
response
times,
handle
constraints,
ensure
reliable,
efficient
operation
in
modern
grids,
particularly
sources
increase.
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(1)
Published: April 24, 2024
Abstract
Maintaining
a
power
balance
between
generation
and
demand
is
generally
acknowledged
as
being
essential
to
maintaining
system
frequency
within
reasonable
bounds.
This
especially
important
for
linked
renewable-based
hybrid
systems
(HPS),
where
disruptions
are
more
likely
occur.
paper
suggests
prominent
modified
“Fractional
order-proportional-integral
with
double
derivative
(FOPIDD2)
controller”
an
innovative
HPS
controller
in
order
navigate
these
obstacles.
The
recommended
control
approach
has
been
validated
including
wind,
reheat
thermal,
solar,
hydro
generating,
well
capacitive
energy
storage
electric
vehicle.
improved
controller’s
performance
evaluated
by
comparing
it
regular
FOPID,
PID,
PIDD2
controllers.
Furthermore,
the
gains
of
newly
structured
FOPIDD2
optimized
using
intended
algorithm
terms
squid
game
optimizer
(SGO).
compared
benchmarks
such
grey
wolf
(GWO)
jellyfish
search
optimization.
By
characteristics
maximum
undershoot/overshoot,
steadying
time,
SGO-FOPIDD2
outperforms
other
techniques.
suggested
SGO
was
analyzed
its
ability
withstand
influence
parameter
uncertainties
under
various
loading
scenarios
situations.
Without
any
complicated
design,
results
show
that
new
can
work
steadily
regulate
appropriate
coefficient.
Engineering Reports,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
7(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
Load‐frequency
control
(LFC)
is
essential
for
maintaining
system
stability
and
ensuring
high
power
quality
in
microgrids
(MGs),
particularly
those
heavily
reliant
on
renewable
energy
sources
(RES)
operating
independently
of
the
main
grid.
This
paper
introduces
a
novel
strategy
aimed
at
improving
LFC
performance
interconnected
MGs
by
correcting
error
signal.
The
proposed
controller,
denoted
as
TIDA+1,
combines
tilt,
integrator,
derivative,
acceleration
operators
parallel
configuration
to
refine
incoming
controller
parameters
are
optimized
using
modified
particle
swarm
optimization
(PSO)
algorithm
with
nonlinear
time‐varying
coefficients
(NTVAC).
controller's
effectiveness
validated
through
four
distinct
scenarios,
including
sudden
load
variations,
modeling
uncertainties,
fluctuations
RES
outputs,
impact
nonlinearities.
Additionally,
lab‐scale
evaluation
has
been
conducted
further
assess
its
practical
applicability.
Comparative
results
demonstrate
that
TIDA+1
outperforms
traditional
controllers
such
PID
FOPID,
especially
under
complex
operational
conditions.
study
highlights
robust
viable
solution
MGs,
potential
future
scalability
application
larger
systems.
Heliyon,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
11(4), P. e42556 - e42556
Published: Feb. 1, 2025
Frequency
instability
in
microgrids
(MGs)
resulted
from
the
use
of
Inverter-based
generators
which
lack
natural
inertia.
To
overcome
this
difficulty,
study
presents
a
progressed
virtual
inertia
controller
(VIC)
that
is
integrated
with
battery
energy
storage
system
and
has
both
damping
control
loops.
With
mounting
penetration
renewable
energy,
an
innovative
approach
influences
Progressive
VIC
conjunction
controlled
plug-in
electric
vehicles
(PEVs)
obtainable.
PEVs'
capacity
used
to
supply
extra
frequency
regulation
services,
serving
as
dispersed
resources
lessen
grid
variations.
The
proposed
employs
Active
Disturbance
Rejection
Controller
(ADRC)
uses
Electric
Eel
Foraging
Optimization
(EEFO)
technique
for
optimal
parameter
determination.
A
model
using
progressive
was
evaluated
under
numerous
operating
circumstances
disturbances
reflect
variable
load
generation.
outcomes
validate
ADRC
outperforms
traditional
controllers
such
PID,
FO-PID,
TID,
fuzzy
PID
maintaining
stability.
Also,
enhanced
PEVs
improve
MG's
stability
compared
other
methods
considered.
This
offers
viable
remedy
upcoming
microgrid
designs
by
improving
lowering
risk
instability.
Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: May 12, 2025
Abstract
Power
system
load
frequency
control
is
a
key
component
in
maintaining
the
stability
of
power
system,
but
integration
renewable
energy
sources
poses
additional
challenges
this
balance.
Due
to
intermittency
and
unsustainability
energy,
new
controller,
2-degree-of-freedom
double
integral
feedback
controller
(2DOF-PIDF-II),
proposed
effectively
reduce
errors
caused
by
unsustainability.
In
addition,
an
improved
Sinh
Cosh
optimizer
(ISCHO)
adjust
parameters
2DOF-PIDF-II
according
characteristics
excessive
parameters.
The
performance
based
on
ISCHO
evaluated
through
two-area
interconnected
each
area
containing
various
conventional
generation
units
renewables
units.
Furthermore,
nonlinearities,
uncertainties,
fluctuations
are
considered
designing
controller.
effectiveness
verified
comparing
its
with
other
techniques
literature
optimization
algorithm.
