International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: May 9, 2025
Purpose This study investigates the thermal management of a cold square enclosure featuring dual-heated circular cylinders. These cylinders are arranged in various orientations from horizontal to vertical around central point within enclosure. The purpose this paper is explore mechanisms flow patterns, phase change structures and total efficiency system. Design/methodology/approach governing equations for material (PCM) suspension have been transformed dimensionless system solved numerically with finite element method. A penalty parameter used eliminate pressure-related difficulties. Findings findings reveal that array provides maximum heat transfer augmentation. Increasing volume fraction nano-encapsulated (NEPCM) by 2% leads substantial 65% rise average Nusselt number at S = 0.6 Ra 104. Research limitations/implications research limited steady-state two-dimensional laminar flow. Practical implications NEPCMs enhance energy storage combining high latent capacity PCMs improved conductivity nanoparticles. combination results more efficient better engineering applications. Originality/value addresses identified gap investigating free convection containing two heated immersed NEPCM nanofluids, varying spacing angular orientations. Unlike prior studies primarily focused on conventional fluids or single-cylinder configurations, uniquely explores how nanofluids influence convective behavior dual-cylinder arrangements.
Language: Английский