Sustainability, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(8), P. 3668 - 3668

Published: April 18, 2025

This study examines the policy and technological dynamics shaping China’s road transport sector’s transition to low-carbon sustainability, focusing on battery electric vehicles (BEVs) hydrogen fuel cell (HFCEVs). As world’s second-largest carbon emitter, China faces significant challenges in reducing its fossil dependency transport, which accounts for diverse emissions energy security risks. The present work, using a dual tech multi-level perspective (DTMLP) framework integrating (MLP) an advocacy coalition (ACF), analyzes interplay of landscape pressures (global constraints), regime (policy–market interactions), niche innovations (BEV/FCEV competition). results reveal BEVs’ dominance light-duty markets, achieving remarkable operational emission reductions but facing lifecycle lock-ins from production coal-dependent power grids. HFCEVs demonstrate potential heavy-duty decarbonization struggle with gray reliance infrastructure gaps. Policy evolution highlights shifting governance subsidies market-driven mechanisms, alongside regional disparities implementation. proposes three-phase roadmap: structural optimization (2025–2030), adaptation (2030–2045), hydrogen–electric system integration (post-2045), emphasizing material innovation, renewable alignment, governance. Our findings underscore necessity coordinated policy–technology synergies, grid decarbonization, circular economy strategies, overcome institutional inertia achieve ‘Dual Carbon’ targets. work provides actionable insights global sustainable transitions amid competing pathways geopolitical resource constraints.

Language: Английский