Polymer Bulletin, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: Oct. 24, 2024
Language: Английский
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(15), P. 5965 - 5978
Published: April 4, 2024
This study presents the synthesis of a novel biobased epoxy monomer derived from vanillin and cystamine, incorporating imine disulfide exchangeable groups within its structure. A series epoxy-based vitrimers with two simultaneous exchange relaxation processes have been produced using this monomer. These mechanisms operate without need for any catalyst. Four different amine curing agents employed to achieve glass transition temperatures around 100 °C excellent thermal stability. Through dynamic-mechanical analyses, thermomechanical properties vitrimeric characteristics investigated, revealing remarkably fast stress at relatively low significant creep below temperature. Leveraging dual mechanism, chemical degradability these has explored through accessible methodologies, material's reformation after degradation demonstrated in both cases. Furthermore, material mechanically recycled, maintaining almost same properties. Finally, materials used fabricate recycle carbon-fiber-reinforced composite reversible adhesives, showcasing their promising potential applications.
Language: Английский
Citations
20
Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 58(4), P. 1923 - 1934
Published: Feb. 5, 2025
Developing closed-loop recyclable thermosets and understanding their structure–property relationships are essential steps in advancing a circular materials economy. Here, we present vinylogous urethane (VU) thermoset with recyclability, synthesized through the reaction of polytetrahydrofuran bisacetoacetate (aPTHF) tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (TREN). These VU polymers exhibit high elasticity, only 3–9% residual strain observed after cyclic tensile testing at maximum 100%, depending on molecular weight aPTHF network cross-link density. The two structural parameters also allow modulation mechanical stress-relaxation properties elastomers. To investigate hydrolysis linkages within hydrophobic matrix, employed heterogeneous system using biphasic mixture HCl CDCl3. Our findings show that VUs remain stable pure water but can be dissociated under acidic conditions, dissociation rate accelerated higher temperatures and/or presence concentrations. detailed investigations indicate potential elastomers as sustainable substrates for wearable sensors. We therefore conduct case study synthesizing sensor incorporation multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MCNs) into elastomer matrix. robustly detect various movements. Moreover, treatment both neat polymer composite diethyl ether solvent allows excellent recovery (>90%) TREN (86%), without discernible damage to MCNs reclaimed from latter.
Language: Английский
Citations
2
Reactive and Functional Polymers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 195, P. 105825 - 105825
Published: Jan. 4, 2024
Two new vitrimeric materials have been studied for potential additive manufacturing applications such as 3D-printing. A monomer containing disulfide bonds and β-hydroxyesters was easily synthesized from two low-cost commercially available reagents. Another disulfide-containing comparison purposes. Materials were prepared through a UV-light radical polymerization of methacrylates. The addition reactive diluents poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) ethylene glycol phenyl (EGPMA) necessary to achieve suitable viscosity the curing well their printability. process controlled by FTIR. Thermomechanical properties investigated means DMTA analysis revealing near-ambient Tg values. Stress relaxation tests revealed that both capable relax 63% initial stress in less than 10 min at 110 °C. recyclability achieved, mechanical thermomechanical recycled samples compared virgin ones great recovery properties. Finally, Digital Light Processing (DLP) technique used print complex structures with high resolution highlighting these 3D printing.
Language: Английский
Citations
13
ACS Applied Polymer Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6(6), P. 3364 - 3372
Published: March 14, 2024
Imine-based vitrimers were prepared from synthesized diimine-dimethacrylate monomer derived biobased vanillin. First, a methacrylate derivative starting vanillin was synthesized. The diimine by condensation of the aldehyde groups two units with amine hexamethylenediamine (HMDA). product used in formulations containing ethylene glycol phenyl ether (EGPMA) as reactive diluent for customization final material properties and cured exposure to ultraviolet (UV)-light using suitable radical photoinitiators or else temperature thermal initiator. Materials glass transition temperatures (Tgs) ranging 70 90 °C prepared, showing good stability mechanical thermomechanical properties. evaluation their vitrimeric characteristics revealed that all materials achieved stress-relaxation factor (σ = 0.37σ0) less than 130 s at 160 °C, photocured exhibiting faster relaxation rates. catalytic effect phosphine oxide imine metathesis has also been evidenced. All could be mechanically recycled completely solubilized two-step degradation process, putting evidence potential use carbon fiber-reinforced composites (CFRCs). In addition, they demonstrated promising self-repairing abilities. Finally, proof concept, it established these effectively processed Digital Light Processing three-dimensional (3D) Printer (DLP), resulting fabrication complex shapes high resolution.
Language: Английский
Citations
9
Industrial Crops and Products, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 225, P. 120435 - 120435
Published: Jan. 9, 2025
Language: Английский
Citations
1
International Polymer Processing, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: Jan. 20, 2025
Abstract Concerns about the effect on environment and non-renewable nature of plastics have sparked a substantial field study towards creation recyclable polymers. Vitrimers are potential class reusable polymers that recently attracted lot interest. Like conventional thermosets in strength, durability, chemical resistance, these materials offer added benefit being at end their useful life. Their structure, which includes dynamic covalent crosslinks to provide stability while enabling reprocessing, is credited with this special characteristic. We lay out an overview recent developments applications epoxy based vitrimeric by using different types adaptable networks (CANs) – single, dual triple paper attention design tactics make it easier create circular future. Covalent Adaptable Networks (CAN), novel polymer family can bridge gap between thermoplastics, emerged years uses chemistry crosslinked networks. The was enhanced 2011 Leibler colleagues when they introduced notion vitrimers, retain integrity network even after heating allow connections be reallocated within them associative exchange reactions. This review also demonstrates how vitrimer community paying need for sustainable material development demonstrating use biobased building blocks synthesis high-performing vitrimers. Having outlined primary characteristics commercialization vitrimers emphasized portray benefits self-healing, malleability, orthogonal processability, various shape memories along solutions synthetic materials.
Language: Английский
Citations
1
Industrial Crops and Products, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 206, P. 117690 - 117690
Published: Oct. 28, 2023
Language: Английский
Citations
20
European Polymer Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 206, P. 112782 - 112782
Published: Jan. 19, 2024
In the present work, preparation of sustainable thermosets has been approached simultaneously from three different points view: a) use bio-based monomers chemically modified through green methodologies, b) adoption dual curing click-type reactions to implement more efficient manufacturing processes, and c) inclusion interchangeable groups in network, enable reuse recycling material at end its useful life avoid waste generation. The first goal by synthesizing a greener way an acrylate-epoxy derivative eugenol (AEEU) glycerol triacrylate (GTA), both biobased resources. Then, second approach was addressed using cystamine as crosslinker obtain materials dual-curing procedure based on "click" aza-Michael reaction epoxy-amine reaction. Intermediate final could be prepared with tailorable properties controlling molar ratio AEEU GTA. By DSC rheology, we evaluate sequentiality gelation process. Finally, covalent adaptable networks (CANs) contained types dynamic bonds (disulfide, esters, β-aminoesters) their thermomechanical were tested DMA revealing Tgs above room temperature 47 70 °C. Bending tests break performed mechanical reaching values up 90 MPa stress 7 % deformation. Stress relaxation showed that all relax relatively low temperatures (120 °C) less than 21 min. associative dissociative behavior these investigated rheology clear drop modulus high frequencies when used crosslinker. Moreover, reprocessability obtaining homogeneous samples no significant changes chemical thermal highlighting great potential wide range possibilities many fields CANs.
Language: Английский
Citations
8
Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(40)
Published: May 14, 2024
Abstract Vitrimers are reprocessing and recycling thermosetting plastics. They possess reconfigurable polymer networks that allow for unlimited transformation in shape principle. However, current strategies to reshape the vitrimers typically involve heat or light, which often induces undesirable oxidation decomposition. To address this issue, here a water‐assisted approach is proposed programming epoxy vitrimers’ shapes. In design, water molecules utilized reversibly dissociate hydrogen bonds enable segments move flexibly. The hydrated can then be reprogrammed retained into different temporary shapes by removing water. Such samples would recovered their original rehydration, exhibiting water‐induced memory property. More than deformation, permanent figures of also permanently changed at room temperature (rt) elevated temperatures presence transesterification catalysts. Combing high plasticity utilizing rt plasticity, sophisticated such as spiral demonstrated. It envisioned methodology useful cross‐linked polymers diverse 3D structures, has wide practical applications soft robots, deployable devices, aerospace materials, etc.
Language: Английский
Citations
6
Macromolecular Rapid Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: June 11, 2024
Abstract Vitrimers, possessing associative covalent adaptable networks, are cross‐linked polymers exhibiting malleable (glass‐like) feature and recyclable reprocessable (thermoplastics‐like) properties. The dynamic behaviors of vitrimer dependent on both chain/molecular mobility (glass transition temperature, T g ) bond‐exchanging reaction rate (topology freezing v ). This work aims probing the effect high stress relaxation physical recyclability vitrimers, employing a polyimide with ester bonds ( : 310 °C) as example. Due to its chain rigidity, does not exhibit extent behavior at 320 °C (10 above ), even though temperature is much higher than hypothetical . While raising processing 345 °C, exhibits time about 3300 s malleability. Nevertheless, side reactions may occur in recycling reprocessing process under harsh condition (high pressure) alter thermal properties recycled sample. diffusion control plays critical role topography having ceiling noticeable for developments vitrimers.
Language: Английский
Citations
4