Mechanistic Advances in Hypoglycemic Effects of Natural Polysaccharides: Multi-Target Regulation of Glycometabolism and Gut Microbiota Crosstalk

Molecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 30(9), P. 1980 - 1980

Published: April 29, 2025

Natural polysaccharides (NPs), as a class of bioactive macromolecules with multitarget synergistic regulatory potential, exhibit significant advantages in diabetes intervention. This review systematically summarizes the core hypoglycemic mechanisms NPs, covering structure-activity relationships, integration gut microbiota-metabolism-immunity axis, and regulation key signaling pathways. Studies demonstrate that molecular weight, branch complexity, chemical modifications NPs mediate their activity by influencing bioavailability target specificity. improve glucose metabolism through multiple pathways: activating insulin signaling, improving resistance (IR), enhancing glycogen synthesis, inhibiting gluconeogenesis, regulating microbiota homeostasis. Additionally, protect pancreatic β-cell function via nuclear factor E2-related 2 (Nrf2)/Antioxidant Response Element (ARE) antioxidant pathway Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) anti-inflammatory pathway. Clinical application still requires overcoming challenges such resolving complex relationships dynamically integrating cross-organ signaling. Future research should focus on multi-omics technologies (e.g., metagenomics, metabolomics) organoid models to decipher action networks promote translation from basic clinical applications.

Language: Английский

Selenium and selenium compounds for regulating T2DM and its related gut microbiota dysbiosis: Current findings and challenges

Food Bioscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 106874 - 106874

Published: May 1, 2025

Language: Английский