Enhancing our understanding of optimal nitrogen fertilizer rates for maize: A synthesis of long-term experimentation and crop modeling DOI Open Access
Mitch Baum

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Globally, agricultural systems face the complex challenges of producing enough food, fiber, and fuel to sustain a growing population while mitigating negative environmental consequences intensive management. To that end, optimizing nitrogen (N) fertilizer management has become major focus, as it is commonly most limiting nutrient maximizing cereal crop growth, over-application increases potential for reactive N leach into groundwater be emitted potent greenhouse gas. The goals this dissertation were 1) quantify interannual changes economic optimum rate enhancing our understanding tradeoff between production degradation; 2) improve capacity process-based model simulate yield response rate; 3) rank sensitivity individual environmental, management, genetic factors. meet goals, we used modeling measured grain yields from 14 long-term maize experiments across Iowa Illinois, USA, thereby allowing us temporal trends rates provide systems-level analysis using modeling. Analysis these data revealed have been increasing over time by 2.06 2.80 kg ha-1 yr-1 continuous following soybean rotation reducing below mitigate effects application will more severe on than reductions in losses. Moreover, solution models reproduce penalty identify bias associated with fitting simulated curves leading lower predict relative (RRMSE = 33 19%). Further complicating prediction rate, determined genetics, environment similar contributions annual rate. This serves benchmark guide future research priorities toward inform recommendations, research, policy decisions.

Language: Английский

Reply on RC1 DOI Creative Commons
Cameron I. Ludemann

Published: Oct. 10, 2023

Abstract. Nutrient budgets help to identify excess or insufficient use of fertilizers and other nutrient sources in agriculture. They allow calculation indicators such as the balance (surplus deficit) efficiency that monitoring agricultural productivity sustainability across world. We present a global database country-level budget estimates for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) potassium (K) cropland. The database, disseminated FAOSTAT, is meant provide reference, synthesizing continuously updating state-of-the-art on this topic. covers 205 countries territories, well regional aggregates, period 1961 2020. Results highlight wide range efficiencies geographic regions, nutrients, time. For year 2020, data show average N surpluses from about 10 kg ha-1 year-1 Africa more than 90 Asia. Furthermore, they P K deficits 2020 Americas. This study introduces improvements over previous work relation key coefficients affecting estimates, especially removal crop products, manure content, atmospheric deposition biological fixation rates. conclude by discussing future research directions, highlighting need align statistical definitions groups, further refine plant livestock expand all land, including flows meadows pastures.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Reply on RC2 DOI Creative Commons
Cameron I. Ludemann

Published: Oct. 10, 2023

Abstract. Nutrient budgets help to identify excess or insufficient use of fertilizers and other nutrient sources in agriculture. They allow calculation indicators such as the balance (surplus deficit) efficiency that monitoring agricultural productivity sustainability across world. We present a global database country-level budget estimates for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) potassium (K) cropland. The database, disseminated FAOSTAT, is meant provide reference, synthesizing continuously updating state-of-the-art on this topic. covers 205 countries territories, well regional aggregates, period 1961 2020. Results highlight wide range efficiencies geographic regions, nutrients, time. For year 2020, data show average N surpluses from about 10 kg ha-1 year-1 Africa more than 90 Asia. Furthermore, they P K deficits 2020 Americas. This study introduces improvements over previous work relation key coefficients affecting estimates, especially removal crop products, manure content, atmospheric deposition biological fixation rates. conclude by discussing future research directions, highlighting need align statistical definitions groups, further refine plant livestock expand all land, including flows meadows pastures.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Enhancing our understanding of optimal nitrogen fertilizer rates for maize: A synthesis of long-term experimentation and crop modeling DOI Open Access
Mitch Baum

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Globally, agricultural systems face the complex challenges of producing enough food, fiber, and fuel to sustain a growing population while mitigating negative environmental consequences intensive management. To that end, optimizing nitrogen (N) fertilizer management has become major focus, as it is commonly most limiting nutrient maximizing cereal crop growth, over-application increases potential for reactive N leach into groundwater be emitted potent greenhouse gas. The goals this dissertation were 1) quantify interannual changes economic optimum rate enhancing our understanding tradeoff between production degradation; 2) improve capacity process-based model simulate yield response rate; 3) rank sensitivity individual environmental, management, genetic factors. meet goals, we used modeling measured grain yields from 14 long-term maize experiments across Iowa Illinois, USA, thereby allowing us temporal trends rates provide systems-level analysis using modeling. Analysis these data revealed have been increasing over time by 2.06 2.80 kg ha-1 yr-1 continuous following soybean rotation reducing below mitigate effects application will more severe on than reductions in losses. Moreover, solution models reproduce penalty identify bias associated with fitting simulated curves leading lower predict relative (RRMSE = 33 19%). Further complicating prediction rate, determined genetics, environment similar contributions annual rate. This serves benchmark guide future research priorities toward inform recommendations, research, policy decisions.

Language: Английский

Citations

0