Tamm Review: Influence of forest management activities on soil organic carbon stocks: A knowledge synthesis

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 466, P. 118127 - 118127

Published: April 8, 2020

Almost half of the total organic carbon (C) in terrestrial ecosystems is stored forest soils. By altering rates input or release C from soils, management activities can influence soil stocks forests. In this review, we synthesize current evidence regarding influences 13 common practices on stocks. Afforestation former croplands generally increases stocks, whereas grasslands and peatlands, are unchanged even reduced following afforestation. The conversion primary forests to secondary reduces particularly if land converted an agricultural land-use prior reforestation. Harvesting, clear-cut harvesting, results a reduction floor upper mineral soil. Removal residues by harvesting whole-trees stumps negatively affects Soil disturbance site preparation decreases top soil, however improved growth tree seedlings may outweigh losses over rotation. Nitrogen (N) addition has overall positive effect across wide range ecosystems. Likewise, higher faster accumulation occur under species with N-fixing associates. Stocks also differ different species, coniferous accumulating more broadleaved tending store There some that increased diversity could positively affect temperate subtropical forests, but identity, seems have stronger impact than diversity. Management stand density thinning small effects high populations ungulate herbivores, herbivory levels increase plant biomass for fodder fuel related Fire such as prescribed burning reduce less so wildfires which intense. For each practice, identify existing gaps knowledge suggest research address gaps.

Language: Английский

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A Review of Processes Behind Diversity—Productivity Relationships in Forests

Current Forestry Reports, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 2(1), P. 45 - 61

Published: Feb. 3, 2016

Language: Английский

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Mixed-species versus monocultures in plantation forestry: Development, benefits, ecosystem services and perspectives for the future

Global Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 15, P. e00419 - e00419

Published: July 1, 2018

Plantation forests are increasing rapidly in the world order to alleviate deforestation and degradation of natural forests, along with providing various goods services. While monoculture plantations have been dominant type plantation practice well-recorded research, face intensifying climate change resource scarcity, there is a growing interest mixed-species plantations. Agroforestry systems also catching attention foresters, smallholders landowners. However, relatively limited number studies on successful species mixtures. This paper first reviews progression monocultures mixed-species, followed by comparisons advantages, disadvantages effects surrounding ecosystems between these two types The further investigates combinations complementary traits for efficient use limiting resources associated improvement growth development production tree species, as well examining some other challenges mixed-species. In addition, it helpful select combine tree/crop mixtures based that maximise positive minimise negative interactions using advance molecular technologies genetic analysis. With careful design proper management, two, three or four can be more productive advantages biodiversity, economy forest health over monocultures. Many researchers still working different projects explore potential benefits promote applications agroforestry.

Language: Английский

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Diversity and forest productivity in a changing climate

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 221(1), P. 50 - 66

Published: June 15, 2018

Contents Summary 50 I. Introduction II. Drivers of the diversity-productivity relationship 51 III. Patterns 55 IV. Responses mixed stands to climate change 57 V. Conclusions 60 Acknowledgements 61 References SUMMARY: Although between species diversity and biomass productivity has been extensively studied in grasslands, impact tree on forest productivity, as well main drivers this relationship, are still under discussion. It is widely accepted that magnitude stand context specific depends environmental conditions, but underlying mechanisms not fully understood. Competition reduction facilitation have identified key driving relationship. However, contrasting results reported with respect extent which competition determine They appear depend regional climate, soil fertility, functional involved, developmental stage forest. The purpose review summarize current knowledge suggest a conceptual framework explain various processes leading higher species-rich forests compared average yields their respective monocultures. This provides three pathways for possible development changing climate.

Language: Английский

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Spatial complementarity in tree crowns explains overyielding in species mixtures

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 1(4)

Published: March 1, 2017

Language: Английский

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Crown plasticity enables trees to optimize canopy packing in mixed‐species forests

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 29(8), P. 1078 - 1086

Published: Feb. 21, 2015

Summary It has been suggested that diverse forests utilize canopy space more efficiently than species‐poor ones, as mixing species with complementary architectural and physiological traits allows trees to pack densely. However, whether positive packing–diversity relationships are a general feature of remains unclear. Using crown allometric data collected for 12 939 from permanent forest plots across Europe, we test (i) diversity promotes packing types (ii) increased occurs primarily through vertical stratification tree crowns or result intraspecific plasticity in morphology. We found efficiency markedly response richness range combinations. Positive were driven by the fact growing mixture had sizably larger (38% on average) those monoculture. The ability plastically adapt shape size their changes local competitive environment is critical allowing mixed‐species optimize use space. By promoting development denser structurally complex canopies, can strongly impact nutrient cycling storage ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Growth and yield of mixed versus pure stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) analysed along a productivity gradient through Europe

European Journal of Forest Research, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 134(5), P. 927 - 947

Published: July 22, 2015

Mixing of complementary tree species may increase stand productivity, mitigate the effects drought and other risks, pave way to forest production systems which be more resource-use efficient stable in face climate change. However, systematic empirical studies on mixing are still missing for many commercially important widespread combinations. Here we studied growth Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) European beech (Fagus sylvatica mixed versus pure stands 32 triplets located along a productivity gradient through Europe, reaching from Sweden Bulgaria Spain Ukraine. Stand inventory taking increment cores mainly 60–80 year-old trees 0.02–1.55 ha sized, fully stocked plots provided insight how modifies structure, dynamics compared with neighbouring stands. In mixture standing volume (+12 %), density (+20 basal area (+8 %) were higher than weighted mean contributed rather equally overyielding overdensity. diameter height (+6 was ahead, while both behind (−8 %). The overdensity independent site index, yield, climatic variables despite wide variation precipitation (520–1175 mm year−1), annual temperature (6–10.5 °C), index by de Martonne (28–61 °C−1) sites. Therefore, this combination is potentially useful increasing across range conditions. Given significant but absence any relationship variables, hypothesize that results several different types interactions (light-, water-, nutrient-related) all circumstances. We discuss relevance ecological theory ongoing silvicultural transition their adaptation

Language: Английский

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Stabilizing effects of diversity on aboveground wood production in forest ecosystems: linking patterns and processes

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 17(12), P. 1560 - 1569

Published: Oct. 13, 2014

Abstract Both theory and evidence suggest that diversity stabilises productivity in herbaceous plant communities through a combination of overyielding, species asynchrony favourable interactions. However, whether these same processes also promote stability forest ecosystems has never been tested. Using tree ring data from permanent plots across Europe, we show aboveground wood production is inherently more stable time mixed‐species forests. Faster rates (i.e. overyielding), decreased year‐to‐year variation asynchronous responses to climate, greater temporal the growth individual all contributed strongly stabilising mixed stands. Together, findings reveal central role forests, bring us closer understanding which enable diverse forests remain productive under wide range environmental conditions.

Language: Английский

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Structural diversity promotes productivity of mixed, uneven-aged forests in southwestern Germany

Oecologia, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 182(2), P. 319 - 333

Published: April 8, 2016

Language: Английский

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Crown size and growing space requirement of common tree species in urban centres, parks, and forests

Urban forestry & urban greening, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 466 - 479

Published: Jan. 1, 2015

Tree crown size determines among others tree's growth, carbon sequestration, shading, filtering of fine air particulates, and risk wind-breaking. The dependence on species, resource supply, tree age complicates an accurate evaluation a space requirement, its size-dependent functions services in urban as well forested areas. Based world-wide dataset measurements 22 common species we first derived species-specific radius–stem diameter relationships for open grown conditions. By cluster analysis then assigned the to 5 extension types developed mean height, radius, projection area, volume depending each type. This allometric yielded auxiliary which can be used estimating dynamics at given dimension. We discuss how results support choice initial spacing particular assessment prognosis their services.

Language: Английский

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