Current status of Landsat program, science, and applications

Remote Sensing of Environment, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 225, P. 127 - 147

Published: March 11, 2019

Formal planning and development of what became the first Landsat satellite commenced over 50 years ago in 1967. Now, having collected earth observation data for well four decades since 1972 launch Landsat-1, program is increasingly complex vibrant. Critical programmatic elements are ensuring continuity high quality measurements scientific operational investigations, including ground systems, acquisition planning, archiving management, provision analysis ready products. Free open access to archival new imagery has resulted a myriad innovative applications novel insights. The future compatible satellites series, which maintain while incorporating technological advancements, an increased use data. Governments international agencies, among others, can now build expectation into given stream. International programs conventions (e.g., deforestation monitoring, climate change mitigation) empowered by systematically calibrated with expected further contributing existing multi-decadal record. breadth depth science have accelerated following Landsat-8, significant improvements quality. Herein, we describe developments institutional context unique ability meet needs national programs. We then present key trends that underpin many recent application follow-up more detailed thematically organized summaries. historical offered combined allows time series algorithms produce information on dynamics. Landsat-8 figured prominently these developments, as improved understanding calibration Following communication state science, outlook launches envisioned presented. Increased linkages between also made possible through mission continuity, such developing virtual constellation Sentinel-2. Successful create positive feedback loop—justifying encouraging current support Landsat.

Language: Английский

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Conterminous United States land cover change patterns 2001–2016 from the 2016 National Land Cover Database

ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 162, P. 184 - 199

Published: March 3, 2020

The 2016 National Land Cover Database (NLCD) product suite (available on www.mrlc.gov), includes Landsat-based, 30 m resolution products over the conterminous (CONUS) United States (U.S.) for land cover, urban imperviousness, and tree, shrub, herbaceous bare ground fractional percentages. release of NLCD provides important new information change patterns across CONUS from 2001 to 2016. For seven epochs were concurrently generated years 2001, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2011, 2013, Products reveal that cover is significant most classes time periods. was validated using existing reference data legacy 2011 accuracy assessment, applied epoch line. overall accuracies 82% 83%, respectively, (standard error (SE) 0.5%), demonstrating a small but increase in accuracy. Between 2016, landscape experienced change, with almost 8% having at least once during this period. Nearly 50% involves forest, driven by agents harvest, fire, disease pests resulted an forest decline, including increasing fragmentation loss interior forest. Agricultural represented 15.9% total agricultural spatial extent showing only slight 4778 km2, however there substantial decline (7.94%) pasture/hay time, transitioning mostly cultivated crop. Water wetland comprised 15.2% represent highly dynamic epoch, heavily influenced precipitation. Grass shrub comprise 14.5% resulting fire. Developed persistent permanent adding 29,000 km2 15 (5.6% change), southern states exhibiting expansion much faster than northern states. Temporal rates developed increased 2001-2006 twice rate 2011-2016, reflecting slowdown economic activity. Future plans include monitoring frequency, reducing latency between satellite imaging delivery, improving expanding variety available integrated database.

Language: Английский

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Remote sensing of the terrestrial carbon cycle: A review of advances over 50 years

Remote Sensing of Environment, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 233, P. 111383 - 111383

Published: Sept. 8, 2019

Language: Английский

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Fifty years of Landsat science and impacts

Remote Sensing of Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 280, P. 113195 - 113195

Published: July 28, 2022

Since 1972, the Landsat program has been continually monitoring Earth, to now provide 50 years of digital, multispectral, medium spatial resolution observations. Over this time, data were crucial for many scientific and technical advances. Prior program, detailed, synoptic depictions Earth's surface rare, ability acquire work with large datasets was limited. The early delivered a series technological breakthroughs, pioneering new methods, demonstrating capacity digital satellite imagery, creating template other global Earth observation missions programs. Innovations driven by have paved way subsequent science, application, policy support activities. economic value knowledge gained through long recognized, despite periods funding uncertainty, resulted in program's continuity, as well substantive ongoing improvements payload mission performance. Free open access data, enacted 2008, unprecedented substantially increased usage led proliferation science application opportunities. Here, we highlight key developments over past that influenced changed our understanding system. Major programmatic impacts realized areas agricultural crop mapping water use, climate change drivers impacts, ecosystems land cover monitoring, changing human footprint. introduction collection processing, coupled free policy, facilitated transition away from single images towards time analyses fostered widespread use science-grade data. launch Landsat-9 on September 27, 2021, advanced planning its successor mission, Landsat-Next, underscore sustained institutional program. Such commitment continuity is recognition both historic impact future potential build upon Landsat's remarkable 50-year legacy.

Language: Английский

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A nationwide annual characterization of 25 years of forest disturbance and recovery for Canada using Landsat time series

Remote Sensing of Environment, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 194, P. 303 - 321

Published: April 8, 2017

In the context of complex demands on forest resources and climate change, synoptic spatially-explicit baseline data characterizing national trends in disturbance subsequent return vegetation (and eventual to forest) are increasingly required. Time series analyses remotely sensed enable retrospective generation depicting both recovery, enabling a more holistic examination dynamics. this research, we utilize outputs Composite2Change, or C2C, algorithm that leverages extensive Landsat archive produce annual, gap-free, surface reflectance composites date label types characterize recovery over > 650 million ha Canada's forested ecosystems. From 1985 2010, 57.5 Mha 10.75% net ecosystem area (exclusive water) were disturbed by either wildfire harvest, representing an annual rate approximately 0.43% per year. Wildfire accounted for 2.5 times than harvest. On average, 1.6 annually had greater inter-annual variability with standard deviation 1.1 Mha, compared 0.65 harvesting (σ = 0.1 Mha). Herein, defined longer-term measure spectral (the number years it took pixel attain 80% its pre-disturbance Normalized Burn Ratio NBR value), which indicated harvested areas recovering consistently time relative wildfire, 78.6% requiring ≤ 10 recover, only 35.5% areas. A shorter-term (5-year) also based NBR, returned rapidly areas; however, when magnitude was incorporated into metric, typically larger variable areas, found be average short-term. Overall, < 1% harvest identified as non-recovering all three measures used our analysis. Regionally, largely echoed at level, although amounts rates varied ecozone. provide opportunity scale, type ecozone, spatially explicit manner level spatial detail is relevant management science.

Language: Английский

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Structural overshoot of tree growth with climate variability and the global spectrum of drought‐induced forest dieback

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 23(9), P. 3742 - 3757

Published: Jan. 30, 2017

Abstract Ongoing climate change poses significant threats to plant function and distribution. Increased temperatures altered precipitation regimes amplify drought frequency intensity, elevating stress mortality. Large‐scale forest mortality events will have far‐reaching impacts on carbon hydrological cycling, biodiversity, ecosystem services. However, biogeographical theory global vegetation models poorly represent recent die‐off patterns. Furthermore, as trees are sessile long‐lived, their responses extremes substantially dependent historical factors. We show that periods of favourable climatic management conditions facilitate abundant tree growth can lead structural overshoot aboveground biomass due a subsequent temporal mismatch between water demand availability. When environmental favourability declines, increases in temperature protracted, rapid, or both, drive gradient modify self‐thinning relationships. Responses ranging from premature leaf senescence partial canopy dieback whole‐tree reduce area during the period for lagged recovery window thereafter. Such mismatches requirements availability occur at local regional scales throughout species geographical range. As projections predict large future fluctuations both wet dry conditions, we expect forests become increasingly structurally mismatched thus overbuilt more stressful episodes. By accounting context development, our approach explain previously problematic aspects large‐scale mortality, such why it range yet still be locally highly variable, some seem readily attributable an ongoing while others do not. This refined understanding better responses, enabling improved prediction changes distribution scales.

Language: Английский

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Mapping forest change using stacked generalization: An ensemble approach

Remote Sensing of Environment, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 204, P. 717 - 728

Published: Sept. 29, 2017

Language: Английский

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Continuous monitoring of land disturbance based on Landsat time series

Remote Sensing of Environment, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 238, P. 111116 - 111116

Published: March 13, 2019

Language: Английский

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A LandTrendr multispectral ensemble for forest disturbance detection

Remote Sensing of Environment, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 205, P. 131 - 140

Published: Nov. 24, 2017

Language: Английский

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Mass data processing of time series Landsat imagery: pixels to data products for forest monitoring

International Journal of Digital Earth, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 9(11), P. 1035 - 1054

Published: June 13, 2016

Free and open access to the Landsat archive has enabled implementation of national global terrestrial monitoring projects. Herein, we summarize a project characterizing change history Canada's forested ecosystems with time series data representing 1984–2012. Using Composite2Change approach, applied spectral trend analysis annual best-available-pixel (BAP) surface reflectance image composites produced from TM ETM+ imagery. A total 73,544 images were used produce 29 composites, generating ∼400 TB interim products resulting in ∼25 gap-free products. On average, 10% pixels BAP missing data, 86% having gaps two consecutive years or fewer. Change detection overall accuracy was 89%. attribution 92%, higher for stand-replacing wildfire harvest. Changes assigned correct year an Outcomes this provide baseline information nationally consistent source quantify characterize changes ecosystems. The methods lessons learned build confidence generated empower others develop refine similar satellite-based

Language: Английский

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