Herbivory limits success of vegetation restoration globally

Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 382(6670), P. 589 - 594

Published: Nov. 2, 2023

Restoring vegetation in degraded ecosystems is an increasingly common practice for promoting biodiversity and ecological function, but successful implementation hampered by incomplete understanding of the processes that limit restoration success. By synthesizing terrestrial aquatic studies globally (2594 experimental tests from 610 articles), we reveal substantial herbivore control under restoration. Herbivores at sites reduced abundance more strongly (by 89%, on average) than those relatively undegraded suppressed, rather fostered, plant diversity. These effects were particularly pronounced regions with higher temperatures lower precipitation. Excluding targeted herbivores temporarily or introducing their predators improved magnitudes similar to greater achieved managing competition facilitation. Thus, herbivory a promising strategy enhancing efforts.

Language: Английский

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Competition intensity affects growing season nutrient dynamics in Korean pine trees and their microhabitat soil in mixed forest

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 539, P. 121018 - 121018

Published: April 21, 2023

Language: Английский

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Forest restoration is more than firing seeds from a drone

Restoration Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 31(1)

Published: May 18, 2022

We are witnessing a rapid increase in news sending the message that drone seeding is promising technological solution to implement forest restoration at large spatial scales. However, there neither reports regarding success nor peer‐reviewed studies support these assertions. Once ground, seeds and seedlings saplings they generate have face biotic abiotic hazards can strongly reduce regeneration potential. Successful restoration, therefore, cannot be achieved by simply dropping from air. summarize some aspects take into account before considering as an efficient widely applicable technology for restoration. A first step should precision of seeding—contrary current massive firing seeds—in order concentrate efforts best microsites establishment number needed cost whole operation.

Language: Английский

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Mineral protection mediates soil carbon temperature sensitivity of nine old-growth temperate forests across the latitude transect

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 925, P. 171754 - 171754

Published: March 15, 2024

Language: Английский

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Litter facilitates plant development but restricts seedling establishment during vegetation regeneration

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 36(12), P. 3134 - 3147

Published: Oct. 11, 2022

Abstract Rapid vegetation regeneration and increased litter production have been predicted under the global greening scenario, but overall relationship between has not well addressed. To bridge this knowledge gap, we quantified responses of seed stage, seedling plant development stage community to using 3193 paired observations at scale based on effect size across different categories. Overall, significantly decreased establishment density by 28.4% 27.7%, height 17.4% species richness 15.4%. Seed germination was directly controlled positively regulated changes in soil moisture from litter. In contrast, type mass displayed negative effects promoted survival with increasing elevation. Moreover, composition dominated showing that increase might favour broadleaved trees rather than other plants. The present results suggest could restrict facilitate after slightly affect except for richness. These provide deep insight into relationships stages, which are important developing models accounting ongoing greening. Read free Plain Language Summary article Journal blog.

Language: Английский

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Projecting the future redistribution of Pinus koraiensis (Pinaceae: Pinoideae: Pinus) in China using machine learning

Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: May 3, 2024

Introduction As an important coniferous tree in northeast China, Pinus koraiensis not only maintains the stability of forest ecosystem at high latitudes but also plays a crucial role regional socioeconomic development. With intensification climate change recent years, P. habitats is constantly disturbed by external uncertain environmental factors, which greatly affects geographical distribution . However, its still unclear, hinders further understanding ecological process Consequently, it particularly to explore potential and migration during several critical periods. Methods Random (RF) was used establish redistribution Results The results showed that temperature seasonality precipitation coldest quarter were key factors limiting current Currently, mainly distributed Lesser Khingan Mountains Changbai Mountains, with total suitable area ~4.59 × 105 km 2 In past, historical LIG period basically consistent range, range more complete. LGM period, became fragmented, especially connection between Mountains. Under future scenarios, projected increase, while highly will be reduced. dramatically worrying are gradually breaking separating junction zone cause corridor break. shifts centroid indicated population migrate northward. Discussion remains verified whether long-distance can achieved without human assistance. Our provide some solutions for protection management strategies populations impact change, shedding light on effectiveness responses.

Language: Английский

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Cascading effect of source limitation on the granivore-mediated seed dispersal of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) in secondary forest ecosystems

Ecological Processes, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Jan. 4, 2022

Abstract Background Granivore-mediated seed dispersal is susceptible to changes in availability and silvicultural management, which alters synzoochorous interactions the antagonism-mutualism continuum affects effectiveness (SDE), eventually, plant recruitment. We conducted a whole-year study of addition quantify granivores-Korean pine ( Pinus koraiensis ) SDE same secondary forests with two treatments. Both treatments had source limitations: one was caused by disappearance Korean due historical disturbance, other pinecone harvesting plantations adjacent forests. Thinning different intensities (control, 25%, 50%) were also performed further explore response management second type Results Source limitation increased proportion pre- post-dispersal predation, made interaction shift more towards antagonism, estimated 2.31 3.60, respectively, for without pine. did not alleviate reactions antagonism but altered SDE; granivores occurrence decreased, predation increased, resulting fivefold decreased seedling recruitment 25% thinning (the lowest 0.26). Conclusion The coupling biased significantly lowered granivore-mediated SDE, limited successful Forest managers should control harvesting, protect interaction, take into account masting event regeneration future.

Language: Английский

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Seedling ectomycorrhization is central to conifer forest restoration: a case study from Kashmir Himalaya

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Aug. 3, 2022

Abstract Over the past few decades, many countries have attempted to carry out forest landscape restoration over millions of hectares degraded land. Such efforts, however, met with limited success because several factors, including a lack adequate emphasis on ectomycorrhization nursery seedlings. A similar scenario is seen in Kashmir Himalaya, where natural regeneration forests poor despite ample efforts by managers. To overcome this challenge, we identified two promising ectomycorrhizal species, namely Clitocybe nuda and Cortinarius distans , for their use seedlings three common conifers, Abies pindrow Cedrus deodara Picea smithiana . Laboratory studies were carried investigate requirements optimum mycelial growth these fungi. Best ECM was obtained basic MMN medium containing glucose as source carbon nitrogen ammonium form. C. showed higher than across all treatments also proved significantly more effective enhancing survival conifer host plant The present study resulted standardizing mass inoculum production mycobionts which could help successful programmes.

Language: Английский

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Phytohormone biosynthesis and transcriptional analyses provide insight into the main growth stage of male and female cones Pinus koraiensis

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Oct. 11, 2023

The cone is a crucial component of the whole life cycle gymnosperm and an organ for sexual reproduction gymnosperms. In Pinus koraiensis, quantity development process male female cones directly influence seed production, which in turn influences tree's economic value. There are, however, due to lack genetic information genomic data, morphological molecular mechanism P. koraiensis have not been analyzed. Long-term phenological observations were used this study document main growth both cones. Transcriptome sequencing endogenous hormone levels at three critical developmental stages then analyzed identify regulatory networks that control these development. most significant plant hormones influencing discovered be gibberellin brassinosteroids, according measurements content. Additionally, transcriptome allowed identification 71,097 31,195 DEGs synthesis during via enrichment analysis key pathways. FT other flowering-related genes coexpression network flower development, contributed koraiensis. findings work offer cutting-edge foundation understanding reproductive biology mechanisms

Language: Английский

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Seed Harvesting and Climate Change Interact to Affect the Natural Regeneration of Pinus koraiensis

Forests, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 829 - 829

Published: April 18, 2023

The poor natural regeneration of Pinus koraiensis is a key limitation for restoring the primary mixed forests. Seed harvesting and climate change are important factors that influence koraiensis; however, it hard to illustrate how, in synergy, they affect its at landscape scale. In this study, we coupled an ecosystem process model, LINKAGES, with forest LANDIS PRO, evaluate how seed influenced over large temporal spatial scales. Our results showed decreased abundance juveniles by 1, 14, 18 stems/ha under historical climate, reduced 17, 24 future short- (years 0–50), medium- 60–100), long-term 110–150), respectively. This indicated intensified koraiensis, irrespective change. suggested diminished generation capacity simulation period. leading edge slowed down shift into high-latitude regions adapt effect magnitudes harvesting, change, their interaction combination short-, were −61.1%, −78.4%, −85.7%; 16.5%, 20.9%, 38.2%; −10.1%, −16.2% −32.0%; −54.7%, −73.8%, −79.5%, was predominant factor throughout simulation; failed offset negative but interactive between almost overrode positive jointly koraiensis. We suggest reducing intensity increasing silvicultural treatments, such as thinning artificial plantation, protect restore

Language: Английский

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