Novel Disturbance Regimes and Ecological Responses

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 54(1), P. 63 - 83

Published: Aug. 4, 2023

Many natural disturbances have a strong climate forcing, and concern is rising about how ecosystems will respond to disturbance regimes which they are not adapted. Novelty can arise either as attributes of the regime (e.g., frequency, severity, duration) shift beyond their historical ranges variation or new agents present historically emerge. How much novelty ecological systems absorb whether changing lead novel outcomes determined by responses communities, also subject change. Powerful conceptual frameworks exist for anticipating consequences regimes, but these remain challenging apply in real-world settings. Nonlinear relationships tipping points, feedbacks) particular because disproportionate effects. Future research should quantify rise assess capacity changes. Novel be potent catalysts

Language: Английский

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Influences of wildfire on the forest ecosystem and climate change: A comprehensive study

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 240, P. 117537 - 117537

Published: Oct. 30, 2023

Language: Английский

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Fire effects on geomorphic processes

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(7), P. 486 - 503

Published: May 30, 2024

Language: Английский

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Vegetation type conversion in the US Southwest: frontline observations and management responses

Fire Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: May 19, 2022

Abstract Background Forest and nonforest ecosystems of the western United States are experiencing major transformations in response to land-use change, climate warming, their interactive effects with wildland fire. Some transitioning persistent alternative types, hereafter called “vegetation type conversion” (VTC). VTC is one most pressing management issues southwestern US, yet current strategies intervene address change often use trial-and-error approaches devised after fact. To better understand how manage VTC, we gathered managers, scientists, practitioners from across US collect experiences challenges, responses, outcomes. Results Participants two workshops provided 11 descriptive case studies 61 examples own field observations. These demonstrate extent complexity ecological reorganization region. High-severity fire was predominant driver semi-arid coniferous forests. By a large margin, these forests converted shrubland, fewer conversions native or non-native herbaceous communities. Chaparral sagebrush areas nearly always grasses through interactions among land use, climate, Management interventions attempted reverse changes, although found that efforts cover only small portion high-severity burn undergoing VTC. incurred long (>10 years) observational periods prior initiating interventions. Efforts facilitate were rare, but could spatial areas. Conclusions Our findings underscore conversion common outcome US. Ecosystem managers frontline observers far-reaching potentially making valuable further developing intervention research agendas. As its drivers increase appears increasingly likely many contexts may require paradigms transition as well. Approaches include new models desired conditions, experimentation by broader implementation adaptive strategies. Continuing support develop science-manager partnerships peer learning groups will help shape our ongoing rapid transformations.

Language: Английский

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Considering regeneration failure in the context of changing climate and disturbance regimes in western North America

Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 52(10), P. 1281 - 1302

Published: June 22, 2022

Wildfire-mediated changes to forests have prompted numerous studies on post-fire forest recovery of coniferous forests. Given climate change, a growing body work demonstrates that conifer regeneration in temperate and boreal is declining, phenomenon often termed “regeneration failure.” However, the definition parameters are variable. Characterization drought also varies greatly, thus hindering ability compare results among areas. This review discusses new perspectives failure places these into context fire activity. We focus this three types where well documented: western forests, cold mixed-conifer dry pine To place challenges tree regional trends, we present novel analysis summarizes conditions prior, during, following year large wildfire. demonstrate need assess specific dynamics well-defined metrics. For example, establishment may historically occur over longer periods, current future exacerbate not promote pre-fire structure composition. Many undergoing rapid change type, magnitude, causes be compared As such, should cautious quantifying failure” without providing spatial temporal context.

Language: Английский

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Alternative states in the structure of mountain forests across the Alps and the role of disturbance and recovery

Landscape Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 38(4), P. 933 - 947

Published: Jan. 25, 2023

Abstract Context Structure is a central dimension of forest ecosystems that closely linked to their capacity provide ecosystem services. Drivers such as changing disturbance regimes are increasingly altering structure, but large-scale characterizations structure and disturbance-mediated structural dynamics remain rare. Objectives Here, we characterize patterns in the horizontal vertical mountain forests test for presence alternative states. We investigate factors determining occurrence states role recovery transitions between Methods used spaceborne lidar (GEDI) across European Alps. combined GEDI-derived metrics with Landsat-based maps related topography, climate, landscape configuration, past disturbances. Results found two emerged consistently all types Alps: short, open-canopy (24%) tall, closed-canopy (76%). In absence disturbance, occurred at high elevations, edges, warm, dry sites. Disturbances caused transition conditions approximately 50% cases. Within 35 years after 72% recovered state, except submediterranean forests, where slow long-lasting more likely. Conclusions As climate warming increases disturbances causes thermophilization vegetation, could become likely future. Such restructuring pose challenge management, have lower capacities providing important

Language: Английский

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Building wildland–urban interface zone resilience through performance-based wildfire engineering. A holistic theoretical framework

Euro-Mediterranean Journal for Environmental Integration, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(3), P. 675 - 689

Published: July 10, 2023

Abstract In recent years, a worldwide expansion in the frequency of large, uncontrolled, and catastrophic wildfire events has occurred, creating drastic social, economic, environmental damage, especially wildland–urban interface (WUI) zones. This damage includes losses life, infrastructure, ecosystem services. The impacts wildfires at WUI derive from complicated multidimensional interconnected relationships present Anthropocene. To enforce resilience environment human communities against wildfires, it is critical to comprehend local social-ecological systems holistically. this paper, we theoretical framework approach, built on performance-based engineering, that envisioned be stepping stone towards resilience. attain objective, performance benchmarking design disaggregated into explicit components rigorous mathematical framework. They are linked causal inference chain, providing an integrated picture enabling decision analysis identify optimal management strategies based quantitative parameters. proposed developed total probability theorem divides risk assessment single parts, particular (1) hazard (wildfire) analysis, (2) impact characterization, (3) interaction (4) (5) (6) loss analysis. Therefore, can applied by emergency agencies directly assess society recovery after wildfire, making policy-making more effective.

Language: Английский

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Assessing the resilience of ecosystem functioning to wildfires using satellite-derived metrics of post-fire trajectories

Remote Sensing of Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 286, P. 113441 - 113441

Published: Jan. 2, 2023

Wildfire disturbances can profoundly impact many aspects of both ecosystem functioning and resilience. This study proposes a satellite-based approach to assess resilience wildfires based on post-fire trajectories four key functional dimensions ecosystems related carbon, water, energy exchanges: (i) vegetation primary production; (ii) soil water content; (iii) land surface albedo; (iv) sensible heat. For each dimension, several metrics extracted from satellite image time-series, at the short, medium long-term, describe resistance (the ability withstand environmental disturbances) recovery pull back towards equilibrium). We used MODIS data for 2000–2018 analyze after 2005 in NW Iberian Peninsula. Primary production exhibited low resistance, with abrupt breaks immediately fire, but rapid recoveries, starting within six months fire reaching stable pre-fire levels two years after. Loss content showed slightly higher slower more gradual recoveries than production. On other hand, albedo varying recovery, often followed by increases above first years, sometimes effects that persisted years. Finally, wildfire heat were generally transient, dissipate one year overall recoveries. Our was able successfully depict features processes different timeframes. The added value our multi-indicator analyzing highlighted independence complementarity among proposed indicators targeting functioning. argue such approaches provide an enhanced characterization disturbances, ultimately upholding promising implications management

Language: Английский

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Impacts of urbanization on the spatiotemporal evolution of ecological resilience in the Plateau Lake Area in Central Yunnan, China

Ecological Indicators, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 160, P. 111836 - 111836

Published: March 1, 2024

The Plateau Lake Area in Central Yunnan has undergone agglomerated socio-economic development. At the same time, its fragile ecosystems, complex ecological problems, and rapid urbanization have continued to challenge security led prominent contradictions between protection Herein, natural geographic information kilometer grid data associated with were used measure resilience (ER) level (UL) 2000, 2010, 2019, spatial–temporal features of ER elucidated. impacts on at raster zoning scales by using optimal parameters-based geographical detector (OPGD) model. results indicate that central urban areas Kunming decrease, plateau lake regions showing low ER. Furthermore, hindered ER, influence increased significantly from 2010 2019. Although negative effect land was most significant, aggregation population economy did not inevitably lead dominant drivers varied across districts counties, depending their development status. Based these results, strategies enhance under differentiated paths explored serve as a decision-making foundation for territorial governance.

Language: Английский

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Resilience and vulnerability: distinct concepts to address global change in forests

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 39(8), P. 706 - 715

Published: March 25, 2024

Resilience and vulnerability are important concepts to understand, anticipate, manage global change impacts on forest ecosystems. However, they often used confusingly inconsistently, hampering a synthetic understanding of change, impeding communication with managers policy-makers. Both powerful have complementary strengths, reflecting their different history, methodological approach, components, spatiotemporal focus. assessments address the temporal response disturbance mechanisms driving it. Vulnerability focus spatial patterns exposure susceptibility, explicitly adaptive capacity stakeholder preferences. We suggest applying distinct resilience where provide particular leverage, deduce number lessons learned facilitate next generation assessments.

Language: Английский

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