How does forest fertilization influence tree productivity of boreal forests? An analysis of data from commercial forestry across Sweden

Journal of Environmental Management, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 373, P. 124023 - 124023

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Forest fertilization is a forest management practice that often claimed to increase productivity in boreal forests. Although regarded as an efficient way profitability, it also costly, and associated with risks such biodiversity loss nitrogen leaching from the soil. To be both cost-efficient sustainable, potential enhanced due should balanced against adverse environmental impact. One effective strategy limit sites where can most significantly tree productivity, while avoiding application less suitable areas. However, current understanding of specific conditions under which optimally stimulates growth limited. clarify this, we analysed standing volume 32,498 recently harvested fertilized unfertilized stands Sweden's largest owner. We applied generalized additive models quantify effect on at harvest how depended dominant species, stand characteristics (site index, stem density), climatic (temperature sum), (thinning, age harvest). found operational was highly context-dependent. In pine-dominated stands, failed volumes cold climates low-productive stands. spruce-dominated did not result increased high-productive For more sustainable this suggest context dependency efficiency given attention. Hence, recommend refrain fertilizing situated land or regions climates, those northern Sweden.

Language: Английский

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Ecosystem carbon storage, allocation and carbon credit values of major forest types in the central Himalaya

Carbon Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: Jan. 14, 2025

Abstract Himalayan forests are crucial global carbon reservoirs that contribute significantly to mitigation efforts. Although situated within a single climatic zone, include diverse forest types short distance due variations in altitude, mountain range, slope, and aspect. This study aimed estimate ecosystem storage (including plant biomass, deadwood, litter, soil organic [SOC]) allocation evaluate sequestration credit potential chir-pine plants ( Pinus roxburghii Sarg.), deodar Cedrus deodara [Roxb.] G. Don), oak Quercus leucotrichophora A. Camus), sal Shorea robusta [Roth]) the central Himalaya. Volumetric equations were utilized across tree species supplemented by field sampling, particularly employing quadrat method quantify biomass. The stocks ecosystems varied considerably, ranging between 122.44 306.44 Mg C ha −1 , with discernible differences among types, exhibiting highest stock, followed forests, pine showing lowest. of different components, including trees (21%–34%), (64%–77%), deadwood (0.9%–0.35%), litter (0.46%–1.20%), demonstrated significant variability. Mantel test revealed influence environmental factors on storage. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) ranged from 448.98 (pine forest) 1123.16 (oak CO while values 1346.96 EUR forests) 3379.49 forest). In this study, dominant various contributed higher their biomass soil, resulting greater credits. present research evaluated storage, potential, valuation for major By incorporating these findings into management plans strategies, trading India can be enhanced.

Language: Английский

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Towards repeated clear‐cutting of boreal forests – a tipping point for biodiversity?

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 14, 2025

Boreal forests are important carbon sinks and host a diverse array of species that provide ecosystem functions. have long history intensive forestry, in which even-aged management with clear-cutting has been the dominant harvesting practice for past 50-80 years. As second cycle is emerging, there an urgent need to examine effects repeated events on biodiversity. Clear-cutting led reduced numbers old large trees, decreased volumes dead wood varied decay stages diameters, altered physical chemical compositions soils. The old-growth boreal forest fragmented considerably reduced. Here, we review short- long-term (≥50 years) biodiversity four key substrates: living wood, ground soil. We then assess landscape-level changes (habitat fragmentation edge effects) this There evidence community after several taxa: epiphytic lichens; saproxylic fungi, bryophytes insects; epigeic bryophytes; soil snails, bacteria, ectomycorrhizal fungi. Long-term declines richness were found true flies. However, majority taxa, not well understood. On landscape level, connectivity negative lichens, insects, notably among Red-Listed species. Furthermore, microclimate near clear-cut edges negatively affects lichens arthropods, implying complex habitat fragmentation. Repeated cycles might pose even stronger pressures due continued accumulation extinction debts. Examining broad forestry across biome crucial: (i) increase our knowledge former clear-cutting; (ii) gain better understanding how will affect and, subsequently, functioning, clear-cutting.

Language: Английский

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Diversity of biomass usage pathways to achieve emissions targets in the European energy system

Nature Energy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Language: Английский

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Natural tree colonisation of organo‐mineral soils does not provide a net carbon capture benefit at decadal timescales

Journal of Applied Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 28, 2025

Abstract Tree cover is often increased with the aim of increasing ecosystem carbon sequestration and mitigating climate change. However, when planting trees in ecosystems carbon‐rich soils, soil disturbance during ground preparation can cause losses not counteracted by tree gains at decadal timescales relevant to change mitigation targets. establishment via natural colonisation, which does involve disturbance, might prevent these losses, but this unknown. We measured soil, vegetation, stocks inputs along an 8 metre transect from single, native, 25‐year‐old naturally colonised ( Pinus sylvestris or Betula spp.) onto Calluna vulgaris ‐dominated moorland, sites organo‐mineral soils Cairngorms, UK. Along away tree, organic 4.0 kg C m −2 0.5 m, 6.0 m. Meanwhile, top 10 cm mineral horizon, 3.6 , did vary. Ground vegetation only slightly, 1.0 1.3 Mean stock per was 32.4 kg, so overall, sparse colonisation resulted no net gain. Policy implications : Sparse low biomass result timescales, instead lead unforeseen losses. Soil changes should be taken into account quantifying potential colonisation.

Language: Английский

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Managing European Alpine forests with close-to-nature forestry to improve climate change mitigation and multifunctionality

Ecological Indicators, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 165, P. 112154 - 112154

Published: May 31, 2024

Close-to-nature forestry (CNF) has a long tradition in European Alpine forest management, playing crucial role ensuring the continuous provision of biodiversity and ecosystem services, including protection against natural hazards. However, climate change is causing huge uncertainties about future applicability CNF region. The question arises as to whether current practices are still suitable for adapting forests impacts while also meeting increasing societal demands regarding forests, their potential contribution mitigation. To answer this question, we simulated development using ForClim model at two study sites, together representing large biogeographic gradient from high-elevation inner (Switzerland) lower-elevation south-eastern (Slovenia). simulations considered three scenarios (historical climate, SSP2-4.5 SSP5-8.5) six alternative management strategies, both climate-adapted versions. Using an indicator based multi-criteria decision analysis framework, assessed joint on key services investigated regions, carbon sequestration (CS) inside outside boundary. effects varied, among within sites along biogeographical gradient. While CS was more resistant under site, it sensitive where potentials decreased lower elevations. This adverse effect could be partly mitigated by fostering use tree species. adaptations did not meet multiple objectives equally well: gravitation hazards timber production benefited silvicultural practice, variants with low-intensity or no management. In conclusion, high continue fulfilling its forests. A differentiated approach will needed future, however, identify stands adaptive measures required, especially particularly vulnerable change. combination less intensively managed unmanaged areas, provides portfolio that help society.

Language: Английский

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Biochar Utilization as a Forestry Climate-Smart Tool

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(5), P. 1714 - 1714

Published: Feb. 20, 2024

Carbon (C) in gaseous form is a component of several greenhouse gases emitted during the combustion fossil fuels. C movement between atmosphere, land (biosphere and lithosphere), ocean (hydrosphere) alters total amount each pool. Human activities accelerate into causing increases temperature. This shift from terrestrial oceanic pools to atmosphere causes an increase intensity, frequency, duration catastrophic climate disturbances. Although society hears reads about emissions, there lack understanding its importance need decrease it atmospheric pool avoid exacerbating change. Forests biochar are two biological methods retain for long time at very low cost. However, forest harvesting, use woody biomass as source renewable different applications, relationship with decreasing emissions have created highly controversial topic among governments, scientific community, general, social groups. The main objective this review highlight C, forests, biochar, including benefits sequestration impacts change promote sustainable forests healthy soils future. findings show strong evidence that climate-smart management practices efficient option managing increasing stocks. suggests mitigation actions another approach high potential. tool contributes by soil carbon reducing GHG other associated benefits.

Language: Английский

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Stoichiometric and bacterial eco-physiological insights into microbial resource availability in karst regions affected by clipping-and-burning

Journal of Environmental Management, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 370, P. 122925 - 122925

Published: Oct. 15, 2024

Language: Английский

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A Bibliometric Analysis and a Citation Mapping Process for the Role of Soil Recycled Organic Matter and Microbe Interaction due to Climate Change Using Scopus Database

AgriEngineering, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 581 - 610

Published: March 8, 2023

Climate change has drawn the attention not only of scientists but politicians and societies worldwide. The aim this paper is to present a method for selecting research studies on climate change, waste management role microbes in recycling organic matter soil that analyze agriculture as main connection between agricultural losses change. VOSviewer version 1.6.18 free software tool was used study order achieve bibliometric mapping approach effects terms recycled microbe interaction. Scopus database (accessed 29 September 2022) indexed total 1,245,809 bibliographic items classified into paradigms. presented documents were downloaded from graph-based maps distance-based reflect strength relation items. includes changes microorganisms affected by natural variations local weather, which have beneficial or negative matter. From examination selected papers, it concluded changing precipitation patterns are having an impact microorganisms, particularly bacterial groups, thus ecosystem function.

Language: Английский

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Altitudinal and aspect-driven variations in soil carbon storage potential in sub-tropical Himalayan forest ecosystem: assisting nature to combat climate change

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 196(2)

Published: Jan. 9, 2024

Language: Английский

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