Towards repeated clear‐cutting of boreal forests – a tipping point for biodiversity?

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 14, 2025

Boreal forests are important carbon sinks and host a diverse array of species that provide ecosystem functions. have long history intensive forestry, in which even-aged management with clear-cutting has been the dominant harvesting practice for past 50-80 years. As second cycle is emerging, there an urgent need to examine effects repeated events on biodiversity. Clear-cutting led reduced numbers old large trees, decreased volumes dead wood varied decay stages diameters, altered physical chemical compositions soils. The old-growth boreal forest fragmented considerably reduced. Here, we review short- long-term (≥50 years) biodiversity four key substrates: living wood, ground soil. We then assess landscape-level changes (habitat fragmentation edge effects) this There evidence community after several taxa: epiphytic lichens; saproxylic fungi, bryophytes insects; epigeic bryophytes; soil snails, bacteria, ectomycorrhizal fungi. Long-term declines richness were found true flies. However, majority taxa, not well understood. On landscape level, connectivity negative lichens, insects, notably among Red-Listed species. Furthermore, microclimate near clear-cut edges negatively affects lichens arthropods, implying complex habitat fragmentation. Repeated cycles might pose even stronger pressures due continued accumulation extinction debts. Examining broad forestry across biome crucial: (i) increase our knowledge former clear-cutting; (ii) gain better understanding how will affect and, subsequently, functioning, clear-cutting.

Language: Английский

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Fine root decomposition in forest ecosystems: an ecological perspective

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Oct. 27, 2023

Fine root decomposition is a physio-biochemical activity that critical to the global carbon cycle (C) in forest ecosystems. It crucial investigate mechanisms and factors control fine ecosystems understand their system-level balance. This process can be influenced by several abiotic (e.g., mean annual temperature, precipitation, site elevation, stand age, salinity, soil pH) biotic microorganism, substrate quality) variables. Comparing rates within sites reveals positive impacts of nitrogen phosphorus concentrations negative effects lignin concentration. Nevertheless, estimating actual breakdown difficult due inadequate methods, anthropogenic activities, impact climate change. Herein, we propose how physiochemical characteristics interact with microorganisms influence decomposition. review summarized elements this process, as well research methods used it. There also need study seasonal changes affecting cumulative evidence will provide information on temporal spatial dynamics ecosystems, determine logging reforestation affect

Language: Английский

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Metabolic niches in the rhizosphere microbiome: dependence on soil horizons, root traits and climate variables in forest ecosystems

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: April 5, 2024

Understanding belowground plant-microbial interactions is important for biodiversity maintenance, community assembly and ecosystem functioning of forest ecosystems. Consequently, a large number studies were conducted on root microbial interactions, especially in the context precipitation temperature gradients under global climate change scenarios. Forests ecosystems have high plants associated microbes, contribute to major primary productivity terrestrial However, impact metabolites/exudates traits soil functional groups along these poorly described The plant system exhibits differentiated exudation profiles considerable trait plasticity terms morphological/phenotypic traits, which can cause shifts abundance diversity. metabolites composed secondary volatile organic compounds that diverse roles appealing preventing distinct strains, thus benefit fitness growth, tolerance abiotic stresses such as drought. Climatic factors significantly alter quantity quality trees secrete into soil. Thus, heterogeneities rhizosphere due different drivers generate ecological niches various assemblages foster beneficial rhizospheric exudations diversity vary across layers alterations architecture, moisture, temperature, nutrient stoichiometry. Changes architecture or e.g. tissue density (RTD), specific length (SRL), area (SRA), profile amount released influence guilds microbes. Here, we review current knowledge about morphological (root exudation) changes affect drought gradients. This aims clarify how adapt challenging environments by leveraging their interact beneficially with strategies vital comprehending adaptation change, significant implications future research conservation, particularly within

Language: Английский

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How do harvesting methods applied in continuous-cover forestry and rotation forest management impact soil carbon storage and degradability in boreal Scots pine forests?

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 544, P. 121144 - 121144

Published: June 17, 2023

Forest management affects soil carbon (C) storage through forest composition, microclimate and litter inputs. How two major systems, continuous-cover forestry (CCF) clear-cut-based rotation (RFM), differ in their impact on C boreal forests is still poorly understood, however. We compared effects organic (SOC) quality Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) dominated eastern Finland. tested the hypotheses that (1) colder microclimates continuous inputs will lead to higher SOC stocks CCF plots than clear-cuts (2) more labile with varying ground vegetation enhance decomposition rates. sampled uncut mature forests, clear-cuts, retention-cuts gap-cuts, which we analysed concentrations calculated stocks. measured stand characteristics such as diameter-at-breast height, basal area, dominant tree understorey species coverage of various treatments modelled above- belowground based these parameters. used laboratory incubation sequential fractionation assess its degradability under standardized conditions. To estimate rate environments incubated cellulose bags situ. assessed decomposition, using data from soil-temperature soil-moisture field measurements. quantified microbial biomass pool, chloroform fumigation extraction gain insight practice microbes. The did not significantly between treatments, despite presence a warmer lower clear-cut plots. However, found differences SOC. Soils sites showed proportions compounds other treatments. As hypothesized, rates were elevated but equally high within canopy gaps gap-cut stands. Our work highlights quality, degradability, long-term accumulation conclude retention-cuts, combined decreased rates, indicate potential for future clear-cuts.

Language: Английский

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Plant-soil feedback across spatiotemporal scales from immediate effects to legacy

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 189, P. 109289 - 109289

Published: Dec. 23, 2023

Language: Английский

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Perspectives: Regenerative forestry – Managing forests for soil life

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 554, P. 121674 - 121674

Published: Jan. 3, 2024

Current forestry policies and practices give little consideration to stewarding forest soils as living ecosystems. I propose five that promote soil biodiversity function. 1. Maintain roots by minimizing the proportion of harvested areas more than 10 m from a tree stem. 2. Fertilize stands at rates maintain C flux belowground, make use species with N-fixing associates. 3. Include functionally phylogenetically diverse species, especially broadleaf in conifer plantations. 4. types ensure all development stages are represented forested landscapes. 5. Monitor quality harvest only when metrics meet or exceed those measured start rotation. Stewarding life function will foster resilience managed forests.

Language: Английский

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Assmann review: spatial ecology of rotational and continuous cover forestry in boreal landscapes

European Journal of Forest Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Language: Английский

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The temperate forest phyllosphere and rhizosphere microbiome: a case study of sugar maple

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

The interactions between sugar maple (Acer saccharum, Marshall) and its microbial communities are important for tree fitness, growth, establishment. Despite recent progress in our understanding of the rhizosphere phyllosphere maple, many outstanding knowledge gaps remain. This review delves into relationships microbes, as climate change alters plant species distributions. It highlights multifaceted roles key such arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi pathogens, affecting distribution establishment novel habitats. Furthermore, this examines how different compartments contribute to fitness. Finally, it explores dispersal altered under changing environmental conditions can affect maple's ability migrate beyond current range, emphasizing scenarios associated with shifts. In rhizosphere, AM known their nutrient acquisition improving stress tolerance. Yet, questions remain about these interact other soil chemistry alter interactions, presence beneficial microbes influences Additionally, role dark septate endophytes (DSE) fitness remains underexplored, need more research on diversity functions. phyllosphere, subject shifts due rising global change, potential impacts These changes may influence tree's resistance tolerance stress, overall health. relies mostly short-read sequencing methods targeting marker genes (e.g., 16S, ITS, 18S), which often fail identify at level. Limitations molecular techniques poor reference databases hinder fully characterize tree-associated Future should thus prioritize advanced tools shotgun, hybrid, or long-read sequencing. Controlled experiments also needed establish causal links communities, study whether throughout lifespan.

Language: Английский

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Uneven-aged and even-aged forest management shape the soil fungal community composition in a boreal Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst) forest

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 965, P. 178648 - 178648

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Tree Species Effects on SOC and Soil Microbial Properties: Case Study From Beech and Spruce Stands in Bohinj Valley, Slovenia

European Journal of Soil Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 76(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Climate change and forest management strategies in Central Europe are driving the decline of spruce forests, while beech is expected to expand its range. Beech seen as a key species for converting spruce‐dominated forests mixed aiming improve resilience. The objective our study was examine long‐term effects stand that transitioned from conifer‐dominated on soil organic carbon (SOC), microbial biomass abundance total bacteria, archaea fungi. In contrast most other studies, we used horizon‐based sampling approach, which provides better insights into how changes chemical properties influence community composition, consequently, microbial‐based processes like C‐sequestration. Composite samples two depths, corresponding A horizon (approx. 0–10 cm) B 10–20 cm), representing entire shallow profile, were collected European ( Fagus sylvatica L.) Norway Picea abies [L.] Karst.) sharing same group limestone dolomite. top horizon, exhibited significantly higher levels (C), nitrogen (N), dissolved C N compared (11.5% vs. 9.0%; 0.63% 0.52%; 15.3% 9.5 mg kg −1 dry soil; 2.9 1.6 respectively). had base saturation (84.6%) (43.6%), primarily due increased exchangeable Ca 2+ . pH did not show statistically significant differences between stands, indicating strong buffering capacity slow response composition tree stand. Microbial (MBC) than (585 492 soil, While bacteria fungi differ observed Total SOC stock profile (A horizons) lower (71.20 ± 3.08 t ha 85.35 2.84 , respectively), similar MBC (0.42 0.01 0.48 0.02 with no horizon. conclusion, 20 years after transition stand, remain limited confined This reflects gradual nature driven by litter input. beech‐dominated leads reduction stocks. comparison forests‐including both broadleaf conifer species‐may offer promising strategy mitigate loss enhancing resilience climate natural disturbances.

Language: Английский

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