Mollusks
are
a
major
component
of
animal
biodiversity
and
play
critical
role
in
ecosystems
global
food
security.
The
Pacific
oyster,
Crassostrea
(Magallana)
gigas
,
is
the
most
farmed
bivalve
mollusk
world
becoming
model
species
for
invertebrate
biology.
Despite
extensive
research
on
hemocytes,
immune
cells
bivalves,
their
characterization
remains
elusive.
Here
we
were
able
to
extensively
characterize
diverse
hemocytes
identified
at
least
seven
functionally
distinct
cell
types
three
hematopoietic
lineages.
A
combination
single-cell
RNA
sequencing,
quantitative
cytology,
sorting,
functional
assays
pseudo-time
analyses
was
used
deliver
comprehensive
view
hemocyte
types.
This
integrative
analysis
enabled
us
reconcile
molecular
cellular
data
identify
performing
specialized
functions,
such
as
phagocytosis,
reactive
oxygen
production,
copper
accumulation,
expression
antimicrobial
peptides.
study
emphasized
need
more
depth
studies
immunity
mollusks
non-model
invertebrates
set
ground
further
comparative
immunology
level.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: April 8, 2022
Bivalve
molluscs
stand
out
for
their
ecological
success
and
key
role
in
the
functioning
of
aquatic
ecosystems,
while
also
constituting
a
very
valuable
commercial
resource.
Both
production
bivalves
depend
on
effective
immune
defence
function,
which
haemocytes
play
central
acting
as
both
undertaker
cellular
immunity
supplier
humoral
immunity.
Bivalves
have
different
types
haemocytes,
perform
functions.
Hence,
identification
cell
subpopulations
functional
characterisation
responses
is
essential
to
fully
understand
system
bivalves.
Nowadays,
there
not
unified
nomenclature
that
applies
all
Characterisation
bivalve
haemocyte
often
combined
with
1)
other
multiple
parameter
assays
determine
differences
between
immune-related
physiological
activities,
such
phagocytosis,
oxidative
stress
apoptosis;
2)
response
stressors
pathogens,
temperature,
acidification
pollution.
This
review
summarises
major
most
recent
findings
classification
main
molluscs.
Mollusks
are
a
major
component
of
animal
biodiversity
and
play
critical
role
in
ecosystems
global
food
security.
The
Pacific
oyster,
Crassostrea
(Magallana)
gigas
,
is
the
most
farmed
bivalve
mollusk
world
becoming
model
species
for
invertebrate
biology.
Despite
extensive
research
on
hemocytes,
immune
cells
bivalves,
their
characterization
remains
elusive.
Here
we
were
able
to
extensively
characterize
diverse
hemocytes
identified
at
least
seven
functionally
distinct
cell
types
three
hematopoietic
lineages.
A
combination
single-cell
RNA
sequencing,
quantitative
cytology,
sorting,
functional
assays
pseudo-time
analyses
was
used
deliver
comprehensive
view
hemocyte
types.
This
integrative
analysis
enabled
us
reconcile
molecular
cellular
data
identify
performing
specialized
functions,
such
as
phagocytosis,
reactive
oxygen
production,
copper
accumulation,
expression
antimicrobial
peptides.
study
emphasized
need
more
depth
studies
immunity
mollusks
non-model
invertebrates
set
ground
further
comparative
immunology
level.
Mollusks
are
a
major
component
of
animal
biodiversity
and
play
critical
role
in
ecosystems
global
food
security.
The
Pacific
oyster,
Crassostrea
(Magallana)
gigas
,
is
the
most
farmed
bivalve
mollusk
world
becoming
model
species
for
invertebrate
biology.
Despite
extensive
research
on
hemocytes,
immune
cells
bivalves,
their
characterization
remains
elusive.
Here
we
were
able
to
extensively
characterize
diverse
hemocytes
identified
at
least
seven
functionally
distinct
cell
types
three
hematopoietic
lineages.
A
combination
single-cell
RNA
sequencing,
quantitative
cytology,
sorting,
functional
assays
pseudo-time
analyses
was
used
deliver
comprehensive
view
hemocyte
types.
This
integrative
analysis
enabled
us
reconcile
molecular
cellular
data
identify
performing
specialized
functions,
such
as
phagocytosis,
reactive
oxygen
production,
copper
accumulation,
expression
antimicrobial
peptides.
study
emphasized
need
more
depth
studies
immunity
mollusks
non-model
invertebrates
set
ground
further
comparative
immunology
level.
Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
21, P. 2262 - 2275
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
Lophotrochozoa
is
one
of
the
most
species-rich
but
immunologically
poorly
explored
phyla.
Although
lack
acquired
response
in
a
narrow
sense,
lophotrochozoans
possess
various
genetic
mechanisms
that
enhance
diversity
and
specificity
innate
immune
system.
Here,
we
review
recent
advances
comparative
immunology
studies
with
focus
on
recognition
effector
systems.
Haemocytes
coelomocytes
are
general
important
yet
understudied
player.
Comparative
genomics
suggest
expansion
functional
divergence
lophotrochozoan
reorganization
systems
not
as
"homogeneous
simple"
thought
including
large-scale
molecular
pattern
receptors
(PRRs)
(TLRs,
RLRs,
lectins,
etc.)
signaling
adapters
(MyD88s
etc.),
significant
domain
recombination
(RLR,
NLRs,
extensive
somatic
fibrinogenrelated
proteins
(FREPs)
snails.
Furthermore,
there
repeatedly
identified
generate
diversity,
high
polymorphism
antimicrobial
peptides
(AMPs),
reactive
oxygen
nitrogen
species
(RONS)
cytokines.
Finally,
argue
next
generation
omics
tools
recently
emerged
genome
editing
technicism
will
revolutionize
our
understanding
system
perspective.
Evolutionary Applications,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
16(11), P. 1789 - 1804
Published: Oct. 17, 2023
Abstract
The
common
cockle
is
a
valuable
bivalve
species
inhabiting
the
Atlantic
European
coasts.
parasite
Marteilia
cochillia
has
devastated
beds
in
southern
Galician
(NW
Spain)
rias
since
2012.
Previous
data
suggested
that
cockles
from
Ría
de
Arousa
acquired
some
resilience
to
this
through
natural
selection
after
consecutive
annual
marteiliosis
outbreaks
and
candidate
markers
associated
with
were
identified
using
population
genomics
transcriptomics
approaches.
Here,
garden
experiment
was
performed
naïve
stock
(from
Muros‐Noia)
an
affected
Arousa)
test
hypothesis.
Breeders
both
stocks
used
produce
seed
cohorts
at
hatchery,
which
pre‐grown
raft
(outdoor
nursery
stage)
deployed
two
shellfish
by
(growing‐out
stage).
In
beds,
showed
high
prevalence
fully
depleted
short
period,
while
barely
evidence
of
marteiliosis.
A
set
45
SNPs
putatively
fitted
for
MassARRAY
genotyping
check
their
role
differential
detected
between
stocks.
Though
no
significant
differentiation
found
neutral
markers,
28
divergence
them,
suggesting
these
involved
directional
during
eight
generations
(to
most)
pressure
(long‐term
selection).
Furthermore,
signals
also
along
outbreak
growing‐out
stage
(short‐term
selection)
six
SNPs,
all
shared
long‐term
evaluation,
consistent
according
infection
severity.
Some
located
within
immune
genes
pertaining
families
such
as
proteasome,
ubiquitin,
tumor
necrosis
factor,
glutathione
S‐transferase.
These
resilience‐associated
will
be
useful
recover
production
Galicia.
Fishes,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
9(6), P. 241 - 241
Published: June 20, 2024
The
ubiquitous
presence
of
microplastics
(MPs)
in
the
environment
is
a
major
concern
for
conservation
biodiversity.
Numerous
studies
show
detrimental
effects
MPs
on
marine
species,
especially
because
their
small
size
and
capacity
to
absorb
organic
contaminants
from
surroundings.
bivalve
mollusk
Cerastoderma
glaucum
(Bruguière,
1789),
its
wide
geographic
distribution
immobile
feeding
habits,
can
be
used
as
sentinel
bioindicator
species.
By
examining
presence,
localization,
co-localization
Toll-like
receptor
2
(TLR2)
inducible
nitric
oxide
synthetase
(iNOS),
this
study
aims
evaluate
response
internal
defense
system
C.
pristine
through
employment
confocal
microscopy
bioinformatics
techniques.
results
haemocytes
immunoreactive
antibodies
tested;
particular,
higher
number
TLR2-positive
observed
group
exposed
MPs.
These
findings
suggest
that
play
key
biomarker
role
sentinels
environmental
pollutants.
Furthermore,
analyses
tested
confirmed
an
evolutionary
these
molecules.
data
highlight
critical
phagocytosis
identifying
ecosystem
damage
are
helpful
developing
biosensors
with
less
negative
environments
which
they
applied.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: July 23, 2024
Abstract
Mollusks
are
a
major
component
of
animal
biodiversity
and
play
critical
role
in
ecosystems
global
food
security.
The
Pacific
oyster,
Crassostrea
(Magallana)
gigas
,
is
the
most
farmed
bivalve
mollusk
world
becoming
model
species
for
invertebrate
biology.
Despite
extensive
research
on
hemocytes,
immune
cells
bivalves,
their
characterization
remains
elusive.
Here
we
were
able
to
extensively
characterize
diverse
hemocytes
identified
at
least
seven
functionally
distinct
cell
types
three
hematopoietic
lineages.
A
combination
single-cell
RNA
sequencing,
quantitative
cytology,
sorting,
functional
assays
pseudo-time
analyses
was
used
deliver
comprehensive
view
hemocyte
types.
This
integrative
analysis
enabled
us
reconcile
molecular
cellular
data
identify
performing
specialized
functions,
such
as
phagocytosis,
reactive
oxygen
production,
copper
accumulation,
expression
antimicrobial
peptides.
study
emphasized
need
more
depth
studies
immunity
mollusks
non-model
invertebrates
set
ground
further
comparative
immunology
level.