Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: Sept. 29, 2023
Comparative
animal
models
generate
fundamental
scientific
knowledge
of
immune
responses.
However,
these
studies
typically
are
conducted
in
mammals
because
their
biochemical
and
physiological
similarity
to
humans.
Presently,
there
has
been
an
interest
using
teleost
fish
study
intestinal
immunology,
particularly
mucosa
response.
Instead
targeting
the
pathogen
itself,
a
preferred
approach
for
managing
health
is
through
nutrient
supplementation,
as
it
noninvasive
less
labor
intensive
than
vaccine
administrations
while
still
modulating
properties.
Amino
acids
(AAs)
regulate
metabolic
processes,
oxidant-antioxidant
balance,
requirements
improve
Thus,
nutritionists
can
develop
sustainable
aquafeeds
AA
supplementation
promote
specific
responses,
including
system.
We
propose
use
dietary
with
functional
AAs
response
by
discussing
immunology
within
intestine
explore
how
oxidative
burst
used
defense
mechanism.
evaluate
components
responses
that
balance
potential
selection
metabolites
mucosal
capacity
gut
integrity.
effective
modulators
immunity
balance.
To
incorporate
nutrition
immunoregulatory
means
teleost,
we
must
obtain
more
tools
genomic,
proteomic,
nutrition,
macrobiotic
metabonomic
analyses,
so
future
provide
holistic
understanding
system
fish.
Annals of Animal Science,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(3), P. 657 - 673
Published: July 29, 2023
Abstract
Livestock
farming
is
considered
one
relevant
cause
of
global
warming.
The
aim
this
article
to
show
that
the
environmental
footprint
broilers
and
laying
hens
small
among
farmed
animal
species.
Author
examines
increase
in
production
over
past
decades
as
a
result
genetic
selection,
consequence
their
greenhouse
gas
emissions,
land,
water
energy
use
have
decreased.
It
was
evidenced
with
per
unit
product
decreases.
On
other
hand,
alternative
housing
systems,
especially
free-range
organic
production,
all
indicators
deteriorate.
Supplying
Earth’s
ever-growing
population
sufficient
amount
high-quality
food
origin,
such
way
poultry
reduced,
can
be
achieved
intensive
taking
into
account
welfare.
New
tools
methods
genomic
gene
editing
or
precision
breeding
will
help
this.
Cells,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
12(18), P. 2276 - 2276
Published: Sept. 14, 2023
Interleukin
(IL)
21
is
a
pleiotropic
cytokine
that
plays
an
important
role
in
regulating
innate
and
adaptive
immune
responses.
In
fish,
the
biological
functions
cell
source
of
IL-21
remain
largely
unknown.
this
study,
we
performed
qRT-PCR,
Western
blotting
immunofluorescent
microscopy
to
examine
expression
at
mRNA
protein
levels.
We
found
il21
was
induced
primary
head
kidney
leukocytes
grass
carp
(Ctenopharyngodon
idella)
by
heat-inactivated
Aeromonas
hydrophila
(A.
hydrophila)
LPS
tissues
after
infection
with
A.
hydrophila.
Recombinant
produced
CHO-S
cells
effective
elevating
antibacterial
genes,
including
β-defensin
lysozyme,
and,
interestingly,
inhibited
NF-κB
signaling
pathway.
Furthermore,
investigated
response
expressing
infection.
Immunofluorescent
assay
showed
detected
CD3γ/δ
T
markedly
accumulated
anterior,
middle
posterior
intestine.
Collectively,
results
indicate
intestinal
inflammation
bacterial
carp.
