Abstract
Underground
storage
of
carbon
dioxide
(CO2)
and
hydrogen
(H2)
in
geological
formations
has
been
considered
an
effective
method
for
the
energy
transition
towards
a
low-carbon
industry.
The
wettability
rock
is
significant
parameter
underground
gas
storage,
determining
both
capacity
containment
safety.
This
study
focuses
on
using
two
chemicals,
methyl
orange
(MO)
methylene
blue
(MB),
as
wetting
agents
at
different
concentrations
(10
to
100
mg/L)
change
improve
CO2
H2.
To
achieve
this,
contact
angle
measurement
technique
was
utilised
measure
advancing
(θa)
receding
(θr)
angles
under
reservoir
conditions,
with
constant
pressure
13
MPa
system
20
system,
temperatures
25°C
50°C,
brine
salinity
0.3
M
NaCl.
mimic
surfaces
calcite
quartz
samples
were
treated
stearic
acid
before
being
exposed
agent
chemicals.
Although
these
are
hydrophobic,
modifying
their
even
very
trace
concentration
MO
or
MB
significantly
alters
from
hydrophobic
hydrophilic.
demonstrates
that
presence
organic
acids
can
affect
H2
rock.
However,
injecting
diluted
amount
into
sandstone
carbonate
increase
capacity.
Fuel,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
371, P. 132045 - 132045
Published: May 31, 2024
The
large-scale
subsurface
storage
of
hydrogen
is
a
crucial
element
the
economy
value
chain
and
an
essential
process
for
achieving
successful
replacement
carbon-based
fuels.
wettability
rock-H2-brine
system,
as
quantified
by
contact
angle
measurement,
has
been
focus
most
recent
research
due
to
its
impacts
on
fluid
flow,
H2
migration
recovery
efficiency
during
underground
(UHS).
However,
reported
data
sets
are
quite
inconsistent,
there
relatively
few
literature
reports
regarding
angles
H2/brine
Saudi
Arabian
basalt
(SAB)
compared
quartz,
shale,
mica,
calcite.
Hence,
advancing
receding
θaandθr
SAB-H2-brine
system
measured
herein
via
sessile
drop
method
at
various
temperatures
(308
323
K)
pressures
(0.1–20
MPa)
ascertain
appropriateness
SAB
UHS.
results
indicate
that
generally
increases
with
pressure
temperature,
but
pure
remains
strongly
water
wet,
having
θa
θr<45°
under
all
experimental
conditions.
Conversely,
stearic
acid
contamination
(10−2
mol/L)
found
be
inimical
UHS,
increasing
from
42.1°
100.8°
aged
SAB,
while
θr
36.3°
94.2°,
20
MPa
K.
At
same
temperature
K,
column
heights
decrease
pressure,
reaching
4663
m
−424
organic
respectively,
MPa,
thereby
confirming
increased
depth
unfavorable
UHS
in
SAB.
These
provide
insights
into
conditions
favorable
formations.
Journal of Energy Storage,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
97, P. 112768 - 112768
Published: July 1, 2024
The
modification
of
hydrophobic
rock
surfaces
to
the
water-wet
state
via
nanofluid
treatment
has
shown
promise
in
enhancing
their
geological
storage
capabilities
and
efficiency
carbon
dioxide
(CO2)
hydrogen
(H2)
containment.
Despite
this,
specific
influence
silica
(SiO2)
nanoparticles
on
interactions
between
H2,
brine,
within
basaltic
formations
remains
underexplored.
present
study
focuses
effect
SiO2
wettability
Saudi
Arabian
basalt
(SAB)
under
downhole
conditions
(323
K
pressures
ranging
from
1
20
MPa)
by
using
tilted
plate
technique
measure
contact
angles
H2/brine
surfaces.
findings
reveal
that
SAB's
hydrophobicity
intensifies
presence
organic
acids,
with
significant
increases
both
advancing
(θa)
receding
(θr)
upon
exposure
acid
at
323
MPa.
Contrastingly,
application
these
results
a
marked
shift
towards
hydrophilicity,
θa
θr
decreasing
substantially,
thus
indicating
an
optimal
nanoparticle
concentration
(0.1
wt%
SiO2)
for
effecting
transition
H2-wet
states.
This
change
aligns
known
pressure-dependent
behavior
angles.
Moreover,
organically-aged
0.1
nanofluids
MPa
enhances
H2
column
height
significantly,
−424
m
4340
m,
suggesting
reduced
risk
migration
across
caprock
thereby
structural/residual
trapping
containment
security
Arabia.
article
highlights
crucial
role
improving
efficacy
basalt,
offering
new
insight
optimization
solutions
hydrogen,
critical
component
sustainable
energy
future.
Abstract
Organic
Hydrogen
Carriers
(OHCs)
present
an
auspicious
resolution
for
competent
hydrogen
storage,
which
is
essential
realizing
a
hydrogen-based
economy.
As
the
demand
green
energy
and
need
to
reduce
carbon
emissions
increase,
importance
of
safe
effective
large-scale
storage
transportation
grows.
OHC
technology
allows
be
stored
underground
in
liquid
form,
making
it
practical,
safe,
efficient
method
handling,
distributing,
storing,
utilizing
hydrogen.
The
distribution
OHCs
at
pore
scale,
capacity
these
reservoir
security
their
confinement
are
all
greatly
affected
by
interfacial
properties.
These
variables
include
equilibrium
contact
angle
(θE),
tension
(IFT)
between
solid
brine
phase
(γSL)
(γsohc).
Nevertheless,
due
technological
limitations
associated
with
experimentally
obtaining
parameters,
they
frequently
computed
using
Young’s
equation
Neumann’s
state.
There
limited
availability
data
about
θE,
γsl,
γsohc,
especially
potential,
has
not
been
documented
existing
literature.
Therefore,
we
have
integrated
state
theoretically
calculate
three
parameters
(θE,
γSL,
γsohc)
methyl-cyclohexane
(MCH;
hydrogenated
OHC)
toluene
(de-hydrogenated
MCH)
under
conditions
(T
=
298-343
K
P
1-20
MPa;
salinity
one
molar
NaCl)
fluid-fluid
IFT
advancing
receding
angles
as
input
possible
geo-storage
carbonate
reservoirs.
study’s
findings
indicate
increase
9e
pressure,
while
there
drop
γsohc
pressure
this
behavior
caused
increased
intermolecular
interaction
molecules
surface,
thus
increasing
wettability
decreasing
solid-OHC
IFT.
Additionally,
γsl
does
show
any
change
values
negligible
density
pressure.
However,
temperature
causes
reduction
θE
whereas,
γsohc.
results
also
depict
that
higher
than
MCH
lower
similar
conditions.
This
difference
compound’s
de-hydrogenated
form.
For
instance,
10
MPa
323
K,
value
0.7599
g/ml
compared
0.84762
g/ml.
emphasize
incorporation
reservoirs
approach
improve
tackling
thermodynamic,
kinetic,
safety
issues
systems.
highlights
necessity
enhancing
interactions
geological
substrates
boost
efficiency
aid
progression
sustainable
solutions.
Advanced engineering forum,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
55, P. 51 - 63
Published: May 19, 2025
In
this
review
paper,
the
role
of
nanofluids
in
enhancing
geologic
storage
carbon
dioxide
and
hydrogen
is
examined,
with
a
focus
on
their
impact
wettability
(the
ability
liquids
to
spread
or
adhere
surfaces)
stability.
Recent
studies
that
investigate
effects
various
nanofluids,
including
alumina
silica,
different
substrates
systematically
analyzed.
It
highlighted
how
these
can
reverse
changes
are
induced
by
organic
acids,
thereby
hydrophilicity
(water-attracting
nature)
reservoir
rocks
improving
efficiency
CO
2
H
trapping
mechanisms
(processes
confine
gases
within
geological
formations).
has
been
shown
optimal
concentrations
significantly
improve
residual
structural
capacities
.
Additionally,
potential
facilitate
mineralization
shale
surfaces
discussed,
further
contributing
security.
By
synthesizing
findings
from
multiple
studies,
comprehensive
understanding
current
advancements
nanofluid
applications
for
provided,
key
areas
future
research
optimize
use
large-scale
sequestration
projects
identified.
Energy & Fuels,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Nov. 13, 2024
Geological
storage
of
hydrogen
(GSH)
is
a
pivotal
technology
for
advancing
an
industrial-scale
economy.
Shale
formations,
known
their
impermeable
sealing
and
abundance,
offer
promising
potential
secure
GSH
applications.
However,
the
complex
mineralogy
organic
content
shale
necessitate
detailed
investigation.
This
study
examines
organic-rich
samples
from
Jordanian
oil
source
rocks
(H2)
carbon
dioxide
(CO2)
sequestration.
Adsorption
kinetics
were
measured
at
two
different
temperatures
(303
333
K)
pressures
(15
45
bar)
using
volumetric
experimental
approach.
Common
mathematical
models
applied
to
evaluate
adsorption
data
calculate
diffusion
coefficients.
The
results
indicate
that
H2
on
surfaces
occurs
significantly
lower
rates
than
CO2,
with
being
adsorbed
approximately
2–7
times
less
as
pressure
increases
0.1
68
bar.
Both
gases
show
increased
rising
decreased
higher
temperatures.
superior
capacity
CO2
highlights
its
cushion
gas,
facilitating
preferential
in
situ
separation
during
extraction
processes.
also
uses
distinct
explore
impact
varying
total
(TOC)
calcite
contents
gas
capacity.
coefficients
found
be
10
those
offering
critical
insights
into
dynamics
retrieval
geological
formations.
findings
provide
formations
enhance
feasibility
utilizing
reliable
seals
or
media
H2.