From Cellulose to Highly Aromatic Hydrochar: Catalytic Carbonization and Catalytic Aromatization Mechanism of Lanthanide (III) Ions

Catalysts, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 245 - 245

Published: March 5, 2025

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is an efficient method for converting lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels. However, traditional Brønsted acid-catalyzed HTC processes face challenges such as high costs and limited catalytic efficiency. In this study, the mechanism was investigated within temperature range of 180–220 °C by analyzing evolution functional groups in hydrochar under lanthanide (III)-catalyzed non-catalyzed conditions. The results indicate that compared to acid catalysis, (III) exhibits superior performance during low-temperature cellulose. At 200 °C, accelerates conversion cellulose char microparticles, while at 220 it promotes complete hydrolysis microparticles enriched with furan structures. Characterization analyses revealed enhances formation HMF (5-hydroxymethylfurfural), suppresses its LA (levulinic acid), polymerization indirectly oligosaccharides.

Language: Английский

A critical review on preparation, property prediction and application of sludge co-hydrothermal carbonization hydrochar as solid fuel

Journal of environmental chemical engineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 116458 - 116458

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский