Microbial Community Composition of Explosive-Contaminated Soils: A Metataxonomic Analysis

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 453 - 453

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

Munition disposal practices have significant effects on microbial composition and overall soil health. Explosive contamination can disrupt communities, leading to abundance richness changes. This study investigates the diversity of soils roots from sites with a history ammunition disposal, aiming identify organisms that may play role in bioremediation. Soil root samples were collected two types (through open burning detonation) unpolluted Machachi, Ecuador, over years (2022 2023). High-throughput sequencing 16S rRNA gene (for bacteria) ITS region fungi plants) was conducted obtain taxonomic profiles. There variations bacteria, fungi, plant communities between polluted sites. Bacterial genera such as Pseudarthrobacter, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium more abundant roots, while Candidatus Udaeobacter dominated soils. Fungal classes Dothideomycetes Sordariomycetes prevalent across most samples, Leotiomycetes Agaricomycetes also highly samples. Plant-associated reads showed higher Poa Trifolium particularly at contaminated sites, Alchemilla, Vaccinium, Hypericum Alpha analysis indicated bacterial significantly whereas fungal not different among Redundancy beta site, year, sample type influenced community structure, site being influential factor. Differentially taxa, including bacteria Pseudarthrobacter Paraleptosphaeria Talaromyces, contribute natural attenuation processes explosive-contaminated research highlights potential certain taxa restore environments by explosives.

Language: Английский

Improved detection of fungi and uncultivated microorganisms in soil metagenomes using a comprehensive genome database

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 25, 2025

Abstract Soils harbor diverse microbial communities crucial for ecosystem functioning, but poor genomic representation of many uncultured soil microorganisms limits the utility existing databases to address some most pressing questions in environmental microbiology. To this, we developed SoilMicrobeDB, a comprehensive, genome-based reference database enhance metagenomic classification ecosystems, with focus on previously underrepresented fungal taxa and organisms. We evaluated using large metagenome dataset, comparing rates, analyzing fungal-bacterial ratios against phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) estimates, validating lineage abundances rRNA amplicon sequencing data. Mock community analysis was also conducted test precision prevalence false positives. The SoilMicrobeDB workflow improved read by over 20% provided more accurate abundance particularly nutrient cycling groups such as ectomycorrhizal fungi. Metagenomic-derived were correlated PLFA qPCR proportions aligned relative estimates from sequencing. Uncultured represented up 50% classifiable certain biomes. offers robust taxonomic functional profiling provides scalable updatable tool ecology research. is accessible through an interactive platform linking genomes factors, enabling researchers explore distributions across conditions potentially leading new insights into management practices.

Language: Английский

Hydrological regimes and Niche Partitioning Drive Fungal Community Structure and Function in Arid Wetlands Sediments of South Africa

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 2, 2025

Arid wetlands are ecologically significant yet understudied ecosystems shaped by extreme conditions and hydrological variability. However, the structure ecological functional of fungal communities in these habitats remain poorly understood, especially southern Africa. This study integrated shotgun metagenomics, FUNGuild profiling, multivariate analyses to examine diversity, composition, environmental drivers seasonal permanent arid South Distinct assemblages emerged, primarily regimes ionic stress. Seasonal were dominated Mucoromycota (79%), particularly arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Rhizophagus, 62%), while had higher Ascomycota (54%), with Aspergillus (50%) prevalent oxygen-limited sediments. Although alpha diversity showed no difference, beta confirmed mycobiome differentiation. Total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), salinity key predictors TDS strongest determinant (P < 0.01). Functional guild analysis highlighted niche differentiation, saprotrophs dominating (59.7% vs. 21.5%; P 0.05), symbiotrophs, AM fungi, enriched (69.3% 36.1%; 0.001). Indicator taxa identified via LefSe (LDA > 3, 0.05) random forest modeling included Rhizophagus, Trichoderma, Fusarium, Entomophthora wetlands, wetlands. provides first integrative insight into ecology Africa’s demonstrating that regime shapes function through filtering specialization, implications for guiding conservation adaptive management fragile ecosystems.

Language: Английский