Microbial necromass in cropland soils: A global meta‐analysis of management effects

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(7), P. 1998 - 2014

Published: Feb. 7, 2023

Abstract Microbial necromass is a large and persistent component of soil organic carbon (SOC), especially under croplands. The effects cropland management on microbial accumulation its contribution to SOC have been measured in individual studies but not yet summarized the global scale. We conducted meta‐analysis 481‐paired measurements from soils examine identify optimal conditions for accumulation. Nitrogen fertilization increased total C by 12%, cover crops 14%, no or reduced tillage (NT/RT) 20%, manure 21%, straw amendment 21%. was independent biochar addition. NT/RT fungal more than bacterial necromass. Manure higher fungal, leading decreased ratio fungal‐to‐bacterial Greater increases after amendments were common semi‐arid cool climates with pH <8, proportional amount input. In contrast, mainly warm humid climates. application irrespective properties climate. Management strong when applied during medium (3–10 years) long (10+ periods larger initial contents, absent sandy soils. Close positive links between biomass, indicate important role stabilized products accrual. increment (accumulation efficiency) NT/RT, crops, ranged 45% 52%, which 9%–16% N fertilization. summary, long‐term enhancing accumulation, optimizing sequestration requires site‐specific management.

Language: Английский

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Microbially mediated mechanisms underlie soil carbon accrual by conservation agriculture under decade-long warming

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 8, 2024

Abstract Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) in croplands by switching from conventional to conservation management may be hampered stimulated microbial decomposition under warming. Here, we test the interactive effects of agricultural and warming on SOC persistence underlying mechanisms a decade-long controlled experiment wheat-maize cropping system. Warming increased content accelerated fungal community temporal turnover agriculture (no tillage, chopped crop residue), but not (annual residue removed). Microbial use efficiency (CUE) growth linearly over time, with stronger positive after 5 years agriculture. According structural equation models, these increases arose greater inputs crops, which indirectly CUE via changes communities. As result, necromass 28 53%, emerging as strongest predictor content. Collectively, our results demonstrate how climatic factors can interact alter composition, physiology functions and, turn, formation accrual croplands.

Language: Английский

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Rainforest transformation reallocates energy from green to brown food webs

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 627(8002), P. 116 - 122

Published: Feb. 14, 2024

Abstract Terrestrial animal biodiversity is increasingly being lost because of land-use change 1,2 . However, functional and energetic consequences aboveground belowground across trophic levels in megadiverse tropical ecosystems remain largely unknown. To fill this gap, we assessed changes energy fluxes ‘green’ (canopy arthropods birds) ‘brown’ (soil earthworms) food webs rainforests plantations Sumatra, Indonesia. Our results showed that most the channelled to web. Oil palm rubber had similar or, case agroforest, higher total compared rainforest but key nodes were distinctly different: more than 90% flux was by soil canopy, whereas 50% allocated annelids (earthworms). Land-use led a consistent decline multitrophic aboveground, responded with reduced levels, down −90%, shifts from slow (fungal) fast (bacterial) channels faeces production towards consumption organic matter. This coincides previously reported carbon stock depletion 3 Here show well-documented declines 4–6 are associated vast restructuring ecosystem compartments.

Language: Английский

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Legume intercropping improves soil organic carbon stability in drylands: A 7-year experimental validation

Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 381, P. 109456 - 109456

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Language: Английский

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A legume-grass cover crop builds mineral-associated organic matter across variable agricultural soils

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 109726 - 109726

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Fertilizer quality and labile soil organic matter fractions are vital for organic carbon sequestration in temperate arable soils within a long-term trial in Switzerland

Geoderma, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 426, P. 116080 - 116080

Published: Aug. 19, 2022

Agricultural management of soils has led to severe losses soil organic matter (SOM), accompanied by an increased release CO2 into the atmosphere and a reduction fertility. Especially under aspect global warming increasing demand for food, there is need sustainable options carbon (SOC) storage in agricultural soils, but knowledge gaps exist regarding C persistence in, its transfer between functional SOC pools, within different farming systems. Here we report on impacts systems temporal dynamics SOM fractions DOK long-term trial (Switzerland), from 1982 2017. A purely minerally (CONMIN), organically (CONFYM), fertilized system (BIODYN) were compared with unfertilized control (NOFERT). We separated archived Haplic Luvisol (0–20 cm depth) particulate (POM) mineral-associated OM (MAOM) fractions, via physical fractionation, analyzed chemical composition selected solid-state 13C CPMAS-NMR spectroscopy. demonstrate that none systems, additional was sequestered clay-sized MAOM fraction (<6.3 µm) over period 36 years. In all amount this pool did not change, strongly decreased NOFERT (-27%). Bulk BIODYN (+13%) CONFYM (+5%), CONMIN (-8%) (-20%). As no accumulated fraction, implies bulk increases solely stored labile POM fractions. NMR spectra showed comparable compositions Differences fertilizer quality (BIODYN = composted farmyard manure vs stacked + mineral fertilizer) omission pesticides resulted better conditions stabilization consequently significantly higher contents occluded (oPOM) aggregates, BIODYN. However, at high risk being lost few days, as illustrated strong annual oPOM-C content fluctuations depending timing sampling after harvest. The highest post-harvest indicate CONFYM. It anticipated only fertilization methods continuous application fertilizers long-run can maintain elevated levels, thereby ensuring also illustrates prevention major careful could associate fine particles later stage thus contribute OC sequestration stable pool. Overall, potential arable accumulate questioned.

Language: Английский

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Meta-analysis of the impacts of phosphorus addition on soil microbes

Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 340, P. 108180 - 108180

Published: Sept. 18, 2022

Language: Английский

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Plant-soil feedback: incorporating untested influential drivers and reconciling terminology

Plant and Soil, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 11, 2023

Abstract Background Plants condition the soil in which they grow, thereby altering performance of subsequent plants growing this soil. This phenomenon, known as plant-soil feedback (PSF), has garnered increasing interest. Experiments are moving from single species pairings glasshouse to community-level field trials. Consequently, our knowledge role PSF plays shaping ecosystem functions advanced. However, gaps remain. Scope Here, we explore intrinsic and extrinsic abiotic biotic drivers such maternal effects, plant functional traits, self-DNA, plant-plant competition, herbivory, interactions between organisms, temperature, drought, flooding, greenhouse gases, (micro)nutrients, plant-litter-soil priority effects. These have begun feature experiments, mechanistic understanding PSF. Nonetheless, many these topics received insufficient coverage determine general principles across larger temporal spatial scales. Further, conflicting terminology excluded studies reviews meta-analyses. We review terms sickness, Janzen-Connell hypothesis, soil-related invasive work, legacies, allelopathy succession that overlap with but generally not named such. Conclusion Holistic experimental designs consider continual reciprocal environment, soil, well unification terminologies necessary if realise full potential for steering processes. compile outstanding questions related research emphasis aforementioned suggest ways incorporate them into future order advance ecology.

Language: Английский

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Soil organic carbon sequestration in agricultural long-term field experiments as derived from particulate and mineral-associated organic matter

Geoderma, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 434, P. 116472 - 116472

Published: April 19, 2023

Soil organic matter (SOM) is indispensable for soil health and, in the context of climate change, considered a significant CO2 sink. Improving agricultural management to increase long-term carbon (SOC) stocks mitigating change requires tools that estimate short and long-cycling SOM pools. In this study, we analyzed changes fast-cycling particulate (POM) slow-cycling mineral-associated (MAOM) induced by common practices, i.e., fertilization crop rotation topsoils from 25 Central European field experiments. When relating MAOM-C contents recent saturation levels, estimated sequestration potentials were only met coarse-textured soils under appropriate or fine-textured extreme fertilization. texture, fertilization, below-ground OC inputs through root exudates biomass decisive estimating MAOM-C, allowing calibration mixed-effects model (Nakagawa's: marginal R2m = 0.6, conditional R2c 0.89). While models containing texture parameters can be validated generalized (R2 0.43), input predictor substantially decreases generalizability 0.14). According quantile regression models, average difference concentration between well-managed control site (without fertilization) 4.1 mg g−1 soil. dependence on bulk density, amounts 1.38 – 1.84 t ha−1 5.06 10.1 CO2-equivalents. POM-C was difficult predict 0.28), presumably due strong POM dynamics. The / ratio inform effects practices before/after comparisons. Under increasing SOC concentration, an indicates do not transfer real sequestration. Because depends also covariate limiting it comparisons sites with different textures. However, our data indicate experiment constantly approximate when POM-C/MAOM-C >0.35. This might used as goal prevent over-fertilization N loss, especially soils. Thereby, help optimize support mitigation strategies Europe.

Language: Английский

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New perspectives on microbiome and nutrient sequestration in soil aggregates during long‐term grazing exclusion

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 30(1)

Published: Nov. 9, 2023

Abstract Grazing exclusion alters grassland soil aggregation, microbiome composition, and biogeochemical processes. However, the long‐term effects of grazing on microbial communities nutrient dynamics within aggregates remain unclear. We conducted a 36‐year experiment to investigate how affects community associated functions in semiarid grassland. Long‐term (36 years) induced shift communities, especially <2 mm aggregates, from high low diversity compared control. The reduced was accompanied by instability fungal extended distribution pathogens >2 carbon (C) sequestration potential thus revealing negative impact GE. In contrast, 11–26 years greatly increased C promoted cycling functional genes. Moreover, environmental characteristics microhabitats (e.g., pH) altered strongly contributed sequestration. Our findings reveal new evidence microbiology for optimizing duration maintain multiple belowground ecosystem functions, providing promising suggestions climate‐smart resource‐efficient grasslands.

Language: Английский

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