A system‐wide assessment of forest biomass production, markets, and carbon

GCB Bioenergy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 154 - 165

Published: Nov. 7, 2022

Abstract This study examines the effects of supplying forest biomass on ecosystem services and goods with a dynamic systems model. unique analysis models trade investments in forestry, thereby capturing price changes from increased demand current future flows natural capital stocks. Forests across globe are interconnected through timber markets, which influence management decisions, land rents, policy responses. Results indicate that expanding consumption, even at relatively low levels, will have important impacts services, particularly benefits terrestrial carbon sequestration outputs. Increased production can be achieved smaller policies targeting preservation. However, encourage residual use for energy or discourage plantation expansion could potentially compromise benefits.

Language: Английский

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Economic factors influence net carbon emissions of forest bioenergy expansion

Communications Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: Feb. 17, 2023

Abstract There is considerable concern that consuming forest biomass for energy will increase net carbon emissions from forests, which defined as debt. Using a market-based economic model, we test the effects of 51 demand pathways bioenergy on future stocks to assess likelihood incurring sustained debt lasting several decades. We show potential expansion, measured near-term decrease in sequestration relative baseline, occurs and persists only under specific set assumptions about accounting, markets, policies, demands. Finally, evaluate whether regulations restricting sourcing could influence scale and/or reduce time needed recover (payback period). similar absence direct imposing limits supply likely payback period but does not avoid initial

Language: Английский

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Modeling wood product carbon flows in southern us pine plantations: implications for carbon storage

Carbon Balance and Management, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: Feb. 21, 2024

Abstract Background Wood products continue to store carbon sequestered in forests after harvest and therefore play an important role the total storage associated with forest sector. Trade-offs between sequestration/storage wood product pools managed systems exist, order for sector modeling be meaningful, it must link specific system from which originate have ability incorporate situ ex synchronously over time. Results This study uses elements of a life cycle assessment approach, tracing US southern pine timber harvests emission, create decision support tool that practitioners can use inform policy design around land- bioproduct-based mitigation strategies. We estimate annual loblolly shortleaf across 29.7 MtC year they enter market, 11.4 remain stored 120 years. fossil fuel emissions procurement, transportation, manufacturing these 43.3 MtCO 2 e −1 . found composite logs, used manufacture oriented strand board (OSB), were most efficient log type storing carbon, 1.8 times as much saw logs per tonne Conclusions our analysis suggest adjusting rotation length based on individual site productivity, reducing methane landfills, extending key products, such corrugated boxes, through longer lifespans, higher recycling rates, less landfill decomposition could result significant gains. Our results also highlight benefits high productivity more both shorter rotations optimize sites when is high.

Language: Английский

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Ground-based calibration for remote sensing of biomass in the tallest forests

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 561, P. 121879 - 121879

Published: April 13, 2024

Forest biomass is a critical component of the terrestrial carbon cycle. The highest-biomass forests are those dominated by tallest species, Sequoia sempervirens. We use ground-based measurements and allometric equations to estimate tree in primary (40–42° N latitude) recently subjected spaceborne airborne laser scanning (GEDI ALS, respectively), we develop new allometry using GEDI ALS predictors. best equation for (live + dead) aboveground these forests, which based on 88th percentile relative height pulse return energy (N = 200 pulses, R2 0.37, RMSE 48%), predicts average per-hectare values statistically indistinguishable from predicted previously published (916 ± 74 vs. 928 11 Mg ha−1, mean 1 SE). equation, crown size approximate objects (dominant trees plus subordinates) segmented lidar datasets 503 segments, 0.64, 49%), significantly higher live than across 37465 ha forest surveyed (1384 77 885 73 Underestimation occurs because alone poor predictor forests. also moderately underestimates biomass, part neither nor can adequately account giant trunks. Despite shortcomings, demonstrate how hierarchy be used map distribution with global maximum density. Among seven reserves, estimated exceeds 2000 ha−1 three, ultrahigh-biomass (> 3000 ha−1) hectares sparsely distributed (1%) largest concentration occurring low-elevation alluvial terraces (460 ha) Humboldt Redwoods State Park. ALS-predicted provides realistic context-specific benchmarks ongoing restoration management logged inside reserves.

Language: Английский

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Advancing forest carbon projections requires improved convergence between ecological and economic models

Carbon Balance and Management, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Forests have the potential to contribute significantly global climate policy efforts through enhanced carbon sequestration and storage in terrestrial systems wood products. Projections models simulate changes future forest fluxes under different environmental, economic, conditions can inform landowners policymakers on how best utilize forests for mitigating change. However, modeling frameworks are often developed applied a highly disciplinary manner, e.g., with ecological economic communities typically operating silos or soft model linkages input–output parametric relationships. Recent divides between research confound guidance levers increase sinks enhance ecosystem resilience This paper reviews summarizes expansive literature within disciplines, discusses benefits limitations of commonly used models, proposes convergence approach better integrating frameworks. More specifically, we highlight critical feedback loops that exist when operate independently discuss more integrated approach. We then describe an iterative involves sharing methodology, perspectives, data regimented types. An reduce bias by exploiting merging their relative strengths.

Language: Английский

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On the carbon additionality of working forests

Forestry Economics Review, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Purpose Using a 62,742-ha working forest in New Brunswick, Canada, we examine the benefit and cost of carbon additionality at landscape level. Design/methodology/approach The baseline scenario is set to maximize timber profit over 100-year planning period, whereas have 5- or 10-year rotation extension. Findings At price $8/tCO 2 e, additional sequestration from cannot offset its cost. For benefit-cost ratio be one, respective break-even needs $21/tCO e for 5-year extension $25/tCO Originality/value This study analyzes economics forests 50–100 thousand hectare scale. Specifically, change between management only both sequestration.

Language: Английский

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Understanding Europe's Forest Harvesting Regimes

Earth s Future, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Abstract European forests are being shaped by active human use and management, harvesting of wood in particular. Yet, our understanding how harvested across Europe is limited, as the real harvest regimes not well described currently available data. Here, we analyse recent harvests, observed permanent plots forest inventories 11 countries, totaling to 182,649 covering all major types. We (a) characterize through frequency intensity events spatially Europe, (b) build models for probability at plot‐level examine links potential drivers harvest, including pre‐harvest structure composition, climatic, topographic socio‐economic factors, past natural disturbances. The results revealed notable variation ranging from high‐frequency low‐intensity harvests eastern Central low‐frequency high‐intensity north, with different strategies emerging regions similar total rates. were strongly driven country‐level variation, emphasizing role national‐level factors. Pre‐harvest properties important whereas was more related factors presented quantification provides much needed detail contemporary management practices providing a baseline against which assess future changes strengthening knowledge‐base decision‐making on level.

Language: Английский

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Options for Forest Sector Participation in International Carbon Markets: Unlocking the Carbon Market Potential of Australia’s Forest Sector

Land, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 473 - 473

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Carbon markets have emerged as a central component of international climate change policies. Within these markets, forest carbon offset projects become key nature-based solution due to their low cost, large scale, and co-benefits. However, despite Australia’s vast estate, sector-specific offsets remain nascent in the Australian Market, ACCU Scheme. Only 3.27% Credit Units been issued sector projects. This limited participation can be attributed several constraints within Scheme, principally number methods available for engage in. As result, less than 1% current both plantation native forests, is considered eligible participate eligibility further compounded by complexity cost participation, which act significant barriers paper explores potential expand involvement market through comprehensive literature review markets. The found extensive with various across 20 including largest voluntary compliance These cover bioeconomy, built environment. Key results indicate that revising existing methods, developing new ones Scheme’s proponent-led method development process, increasing could significantly types contributing emissions reductions Broader conclusions suggest embracing lessons from practises addressing methodological constraints, Australia realise this potential. Doing so would not only bolster nation’s mitigation efforts, but also unlock co-benefits biodiversity, water quality, soil productivity, ecosystem resilience, ultimately sustainable resilient bioeconomy.

Language: Английский

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Influence of Thinning on Carbon Balance in Natural Regeneration of Pinus pinaster in Portugal

Land, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 493 - 493

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

The maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) is the main conifer species in Portugal, occurring mainly central and northern regions of country. In addition to its environmental significance, it plays an important socio-economic role, supported by a robust forest sector. face climate change driven release CO2 into atmosphere, forests play essential role mitigating these changes storing large amounts carbon their biomass. This study assesses impact management, focusing on thinning, accumulation naturally regenerating municipality Boticas, Portugal compares scenarios with without intervention. To simulate growth scenarios, Modispinaster software used, through mathematical models adjusted for input initial field data, generates evolution regarding biomass accumulation. Additionally, allows visualization forest’s dendrometric characteristics throughout cycle, enabling creation balance analysis across multiple scenarios. results demonstrate that management based thinning increases retention, reducing early mortality promoting larger diameter trees. Although natural initially accumulate more carbon, reduction competition managed greater from 24th year onwards, reaching 178 tons at end contrast 143 unmanaged areas. result (natural) was negative (−18 tons), while forest, positive (54 tons). supports thesis although intense less frequent than events, effective absence interventions. Thinned optimize Pinus pinaster, improving long-term retention mortality. Managed show balance, highlighting importance sustainable strengthening ecological resilience.

Language: Английский

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Investing in U.S. forests to mitigate climate change

Carbon Balance and Management, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: March 10, 2025

In recent years several U.S. federal policies have been adopted to support forest-based climate mitigation actions. This study focuses on current funds allocated forest for change activities assess how much they could deliver in terms of net sequestration under a best-case (optimized) scenario where the cheapest abatement options are implemented first and if these line achieve domestic targets 2030 2050. Multiple investments pathways tested two different assumptions CO2 fertilization provide range future projections from forests. Results show that annual with (around $640 million), expected carbon flux forests is around 745 MtCO2/yr (+ 12% increase baseline) expand after be 786 2050 17% baseline). When accounted for, by about 1 GtCO2 achieved 2050, increasing likelihood meeting both short-term long-term targets.

Language: Английский

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