Pesticide mixtures detected in crop and non-target wild plant pollen and nectar

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 879, P. 162971 - 162971

Published: March 21, 2023

Cultivation of mass flowering entomophilous crops benefits from the presence managed and wild pollinators, who visit flowers to forage on pollen nectar. However, management these typically includes application pesticides, which may pose a hazard for pollinators foraging in an agricultural environment. To determine levels potential exposure their concentration nectar need assessing, both within beyond target crop plants. We selected ten pesticide compounds one metabolite analysed occurrence (Brassica napus) plant (Rubus fruticosus agg.), was field edges. Nectar plants were collected five spring winter sown B. napus fields Ireland, tested residues, using QuEChERS Liquid Chromatography tandem spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Pesticide residues detected Most detections with no recorded respective that year, but higher concentrations observed recently treated fields. Overall, more than plant, had highest mean residues. All matrices contaminated at least three compounds, most frequently fungicides. The common compound mixture comprised fungicides azoxystrobin, boscalid, neonicotinoid insecticide clothianidin, not applied Our results indicate persistent like neonicotinoids, should be continuously monitored fate toxicological evaluation mixtures identified present study performed, impacts insects exposed them.

Language: Английский

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Terrestrial ecotoxicity of glyphosate, its formulations, and co-formulants: evidence from 2010–2023

Environmental Sciences Europe, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(1)

Published: July 8, 2023

Abstract Glyphosate (GLY), the most widely used herbicide in world, is frequently detected various environmental matrices, including soil, foundation of agriculture. In practice, more than 2000 GLY-based (GBH) products are used, consisting one or active ingredients (AIs) and so-called “inert” co-formulants that increase efficacy AIs. However, focus ecotoxicological assessments mainly on AIs, while organisms exposed to complex pesticide formulations under real-world conditions. Overall, effects non-target indicate a broad range biochemical physiological modes action, which contrasts with general assumption herbicides specific act only target plants. Both GLY alone GBHs have unintended side-effects many terrestrial organisms, plants, microorganisms, insects, spiders, earthworms, as well vertebrates such amphibians, reptiles, mammals. One triggering mechanisms for these oxidative stress consequences parameters DNA damage. addition, disruptions physiological, behavioral ecological processes been reported. Most studies examined short-term single application GLY/GBH species. agricultural practice applying two three times during cultivation season over an extended period time, interactions other pesticides agrochemicals applied same field, within field landscape rarely considered. vast majority cases, toxicity exceeds GLY, demonstrating supposedly inert either toxic their own right interact add The chemical diversity different non-disclosure make it difficult attribute substances GBH. Moreover, impurities (e.g., heavy metals arsenic, chromium, cobalt) pose additional environment food safety risks. These impacts even critical because so distributed worldwide pollutants stressors. Based available literature ecotoxicity, given drastic decline biodiversity, we conclude continued high use GBHs, resulting increased exposure risk, cannot be considered ecologically sustainable.

Language: Английский

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Honey bees and bumble bees may be exposed to pesticides differently when foraging on agricultural areas

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 896, P. 166214 - 166214

Published: Aug. 10, 2023

In an agricultural environment, where crops are treated with pesticides, bees likely to be exposed a range of chemical compounds in variety ways. The extent which different bee species affected by these chemicals, largely depends on the concentrations and type exposure. We quantified presence selected pesticide pollen two entomophilous crops; oilseed rape (Brassica napus) broad bean (Vicia faba). Sampling was performed 12 sites Ireland our results were compared loads honey bumble actively foraging those same sites. Detections compound specific, timing application relation sampling influenced final residue contamination levels. Most detections originated from that not recently applied fields, samples B. napus fields more contaminated V. faba fields. Crop only fungicides, contained mainly while insecticides detected loads. highest number most observed loads, notably, all five neonicotinoids assessed (acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam) despite no recent collected. neonicotinoid positively correlated wild plant present bee-collected samples, but this relationship could verified for bees. azoxystrobin, boscalid thiamethoxam formed common combination pollen. Our raise concerns about potential long-term exposure multiple residues question whether suitable surrogates risk assessments species.

Language: Английский

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Bumblebees avoid sucrose solution containing high concentrations of Roundup

Ecotoxicology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 31, 2025

Abstract Herbicides are one of the most heavily applied groups pesticides globally. Whilst research on herbicides in relation to bees is growing, we still have more learn about how may interact with and subsequent consequences for bee health. As designed kill plants they to, other pollinators them a different way pesticide which important understand context evaluating hazard risk. Here, conducted both choice no-choice test, determine if bumblebees would be deterred from foraging feeders containing commercial formulations Roundup (Ultra Biactive, respectively) compared controls. We found across experiments that were where contained above field-realistic concentrations formulation, average colonies reduced their consumption these by ~50% despite lacking food sources. This demonstrates that, when given no choice, can sucrose although expected field concentrations, even own nutritional detriment. Separately, individual foragers observed avoiding levels Ultra controls, showing preference uncontaminated feed choice. this was an experimental setup using high solution rather than real flowers, work needed phenomenon under conditions. provides useful information insights future studies investigating impacts glyphosate form active substance formulation could also identifying mitigation strategies use.

Language: Английский

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Detoxification response in honey bee larvae exposed to agricultural intensification

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 978, P. 179388 - 179388

Published: April 16, 2025

Language: Английский

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Self-reported assessment of compliance with pesticide rules

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 254, P. 114692 - 114692

Published: March 2, 2023

How pesticides are used is very important in determining the risk they pose to both user, and environment. Given can have toxic properties, if misused could cause serious harm users health as well a range of environmental damage. Despite this, little research has quantified whether agricultural use compliant with legally binding obligations associated guidance surrounding application. In this survey we an online, fully anonymous, questionnaire ask Irish farmers about how pesticides. We self-reporting methodology, directly asking their compliance levels. had total 76 unique valid respondents. Our respondents covered broad agriculture, relates national demographics. Overall regarding pesticide was high, majority complying time. However, also found sizable group who report low levels for certain topics. Respondents reported highest non-compliance personal protective equipment, nearly half all admitting not wearing required equipment on regular basis. contrast, some areas like application rate, high reported. Moderate bee mitigation measures were found, practices emptying or washing out spray tank between sprays impacts pollinators, soil organisms other non-targets. Additionally, minority admitted actions which water course pollution. As first topics within developed nation, seen compared developing nations. results demonstrate that assumption legal followed unfounded, but mostly compliant. Education enforcement should be targeted where weakest minimise from use. Reducing here benefit farmer health, ensure manner assessment deemed safe.

Language: Английский

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No impacts of glyphosate or Crithidia bombi, or their combination, on the bumblebee microbiome

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: June 2, 2023

Pesticides are recognised as a key threat to pollinators, impacting their health in many ways. One route through which pesticides can affect pollinators like bumblebees is the gut microbiome, with knock-on effects on immune system and parasite resistance. We tested impacts of high acute oral dose glyphosate microbiome buff tailed bumblebee (Bombus terrestris), glyphosate's interaction (Crithidia bombi). used fully crossed design measuring bee mortality, intensity bacterial composition estimated from relative abundance 16S rRNA amplicons. found no impact either glyphosate, C. bombi, or combination any metric, including composition. This result differs studies honeybees, have consistently an potentially explained by use exposure, rather than chronic difference test species. Since A. mellifera model species represent more broadly risk assessment, our results highlight that caution needed extrapolating other

Language: Английский

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Glyphosate impairs aversive learning in bumblebees

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 898, P. 165527 - 165527

Published: July 12, 2023

Agrochemicals represent prominent anthropogenic stressors contributing to the ongoing global insect decline. While their impact is generally assessed in terms of mortality rates, non-lethal effects on fitness are equally important conservation. Glyphosate, a commonly used herbicide, toxic many animal species, and thought range physiological functions. In this study, we investigate long-term exposure glyphosate locomotion, phototaxis learning abilities bumblebees, using fully automated high-throughput assay. We find that had very slight transient while leaving phototactic drive unaffected. Glyphosate also reduced attraction towards UV light when blue was given as an alternative and, most strikingly, impaired aversive stimuli. Thus, specific actions sensory cognitive processes. These perceptual impairments likely significant obstacle foraging predator avoidance for wild bumblebees exposed glyphosate. Similar other species could contribute widespread reduction efficiency across ecosystems, driven by large-scale application herbicide. The paradigm presented study can be adapted sublethal agrochemicals or pollinator opening up critical new avenue stressors.

Language: Английский

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Contrasting effects of fungicide and herbicide active ingredients and their formulations on bumblebee learning and behaviour

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 226(6)

Published: March 2, 2023

Fungicides and herbicides are two of the most heavily applied pesticide classes in world, but receive little research attention with regards to their potential impacts on bees. As they not designed target insects, mechanisms behind these pesticides unclear. It is therefore important understand influence at a range levels, including sublethal behaviours such as learning. We used proboscis extension reflex (PER) paradigm assess how herbicide glyphosate fungicide prothioconazole affect bumblebee olfactory also assessed responsiveness, compared active ingredients respective commercial formulations (Roundup Biactive Proline). found that learning was impaired by either formulation but, bees displayed evidence learning, exposure ingredient increased level some situations, while resulted bumblebees being less likely respond antennal stimulation sucrose. Our data suggest fungicides may negatively impact ability when exposed orally field-realistic doses lab setting, has cause changes responsiveness we formulations, this suggests co-formulants modify products tested without toxic themselves. More needed bees, evaluate implications behavioural caused for fitness.

Language: Английский

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Ligand Emission-Based Turn-On Sensing of Glyphosate via Competitive Coordination with NH₂-MIL-88B (Fe) MOF Nanocrystals

ACS Applied Nano Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(22), P. 21016 - 21026

Published: Nov. 8, 2023

Glyphosate is one of the most effective herbicides and extensively used in agriculture to improve crop production. However, its toxicity carcinogenicity stimulate development potent, rapid, highly selective sensors for glyphosate. In this study, we have successfully developed a rational method detecting glyphosate concentrations nanomolar range through luminescence enhancement. For purpose, synthesized NH2-MIL-88B (Fe) (MIL = Material Institute Lavoisier) metal–organic framework (MOF)-based nanocrystals (NCs) using hydrothermal applied it detection an aqueous medium. The MOF NCs contain coordinative ligands (2-aminoterephthalic acid) metal clusters. Fe clusters act as quenchers, suppressing emission from due photoinduced electron transfer (PET) ligand Fe3+ ions. phosphate group competes with carboxylate MOF. As result, coordination between molecules weakens, causing separate cluster. This process diminishes PET regenerates at 450 nm. enhancement exhibits high selectivity toward shows minimal interference various pesticides limit was calculated 198 nM, performance probe evaluated drinking water. Finally, NCs-coated circular paper strips were prepared detect femtomolar concentrations.

Language: Английский

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