Unlocking Genetic Diversity and Germplasm Characterization with Molecular Markers: Strategies for Crop Improvement

Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(6), P. 160 - 173

Published: May 8, 2024

Molecular markers have emerged as the most useful tools in assessment of genetic diversity and characterizing germplasm, for crop improvement. This review paper comprehensively analyzes applications molecular analysis germplasm characterization. It underscores significance bedrock plant breeding programs, enabling development improved varieties with desirable attributes such higher yields, stress tolerance, enhanced nutritional profiles. The provides an overview various types markers, including hybridization-based (e.g., RFLPs) PCR-based RAPDs, AFLPs, SSRs, SNPs). discusses marker selection strategies, emphasizing consideration factors like polymorphism, informativeness, potential multiplexing high-throughput genotyping. Diversity techniques, principal component (PCA), cluster methods (UPGMA Neighbor-Joining), population structure (model-based approaches STRUCTURE), are detailed. These enable relationships, identification subpopulations, diverse parents based on data. further explores management, conservation, utilization. role targeted introgression traits from sources, well integration genotypic phenotypic data association mapping, genomic prediction, selection. Additionally, addresses emerging technologies, next-generation sequencing (NGS) other omics also highlights practical impact improvement marker-assisted (MAS), selection, genetically modified crops. Finally, outlines challenges future perspectives, limitations0 current techniques NGS, a comprehensive understanding complex traits.

Language: Английский

---

Conservation and Global Distribution of Onion (Allium cepa L.) Germplasm for Agricultural Sustainability

Plants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(18), P. 3294 - 3294

Published: Sept. 18, 2023

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is recognized globally as a crucial vegetable crop, prized not only for its culinary applications but also numerous health-promoting properties. With climate change relentlessly exerting mounting challenges to agriculture, the preservation and deployment of onion germplasm has become critical ensuring sustainable agriculture safeguarding food security. Global collections function repositories genetic diversity, holding within them an extensive array valuable traits or genes. These can be harnessed develop varieties resilient adversities. Therefore, detailed information concerning from various geographical regions bolster their utility. Furthermore, amplified understanding importance fostering international inter-institutional collaborations becomes essential. Sharing making use resources provide viable solutions looming agricultural future. In this review, we have discussed worldwide distribution germplasm, along with implications sustainability. We underscored interinstitutional collaboration in collecting conservation

Language: Английский

---

Melatonin alleviating drought stress in plants: A review

South African Journal of Botany, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 161, P. 192 - 201

Published: Aug. 12, 2023

Language: Английский

---

Investigating the dynamic responses of Aegilops tauschii Coss. to salinity, drought, and nitrogen stress: a comprehensive study of competitive growth and biochemical and molecular pathways

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Sept. 6, 2023

(Coss.) is a highly deleterious, rapidly proliferating weed within the wheat, and its DD genome composition exhibits adaptability toward diverse abiotic stresses demonstrates heightened efficacy in nutrient utilization. Current study investigated different variegated impacts of distinct nitrogen concentrations with varied plant densities, scrutinizing behavior

Language: Английский

---

Analysis of Coix Seed Oil Biosynthesis Facilitates the Identification of Lysophosphatidic Acid Acyltransferase

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 30, 2025

Coix seed oil (CSO) is a natural substance with significant anticancer potential. However, the molecular mechanism and gene regulatory network of lipid biosynthesis were not identified in seed. Here, comprehensive transcriptome analysis was conducted on two varieties different contents. The results revealed that total 48,110 genes generated by de novo assembly, which 84.45% successfully annotated database. Based functional annotation expression, metabolic crucial for accumulation fatty acid (FA) synthesis has been established, it confirmed lysophosphatidic acyltransferase (LPAT) triacylglycerol (TAG) contributed to changes content FAs had selective binding ability unsaturated acids (UFAs) heterologous expression yeast. Our data provides valuable references subsequent function characterization pathway optimization.

Language: Английский

---

Exploring Salinity Tolerance Mechanisms in Diverse Wheat Genotypes Using Physiological, Anatomical, Agronomic and Gene Expression Analyses

Plants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(18), P. 3330 - 3330

Published: Sept. 20, 2023

Salinity is a widespread abiotic stress that devastatingly impacts wheat growth and restricts its productivity worldwide. The present study aimed at elucidating biochemical, physiological, anatomical, gene expression analysis, agronomic responses of three diverse genotypes to different salinity levels. A treatment 5000 7000 ppm gradually reduced photosynthetic pigments, anatomical root leaf measurements traits all evaluated (Ismailia line, Misr 1, 3). In addition, increasing levels substantially decreased except sclerenchyma tissue upper lower vascular bundle thickness compared with unstressed plants. However, proline content in stressed plants was stimulated by genotypes. Moreover, Na+ ions antioxidant enzyme activities leaves increased the high level demonstrated substantial variations studied characters. Ismailia line exhibited uppermost performance pigments under both Additionally, superior activity superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzymes followed 1. recorded maximum stress, which enhanced tolerance stress. 3 presented up-regulation H+ATPase, NHX2 HAK, HKT genes positive molecular were reflected on values traits.

Language: Английский

---

Spain Germplasm Bank of Annual Forage Legumes Seeds at the Scientific and Technological Research Center of Extremadura (CICYTEX)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Molecular characterization of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) genotypes using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) markers

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Genome size, genetic diversity, and phenotypic variability imply the effect of genetic variation instead of ploidy on trait plasticity in the cross-pollinated tree species of mulberry

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 4, 2023

Abstract Genome size, genetic diversity, and phenotypic vitiation were estimated to develop a model-based population structure identify ploidy-associated traits of wide collection cross-pollinated, highly heterozygous tree species Morus . Elucidation genome size (GS), variation is the fundamental aspect crop improvement programs. Mulberry eudicot, comprised huge ploidy with great adaptability across world. However, because inadequate information on GS, traits, as well correlation between hinder further mulberry. In this present research, core set 157 germplasm accessions belonging eight accepted including promising functional varieties chosen represent spectrum from whole collection. To estimate subjected flow cytometry (FCM) analysis result suggested that four different ploidies (2n=2x, 3x, 4x, 6x) GS ranging 0.72±0.005 (S-30) 2.89±0.015 ( M. serrata ), accounting ∼4.01 fold difference. The predicted polyploidy was confirmed metaphase chromosome count. addition, by selecting representative morphologically, diverse 82 all variations using simple sequence repeats (SSR). average Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) expected heterozygosity showed high levels diversity. Additionally, three populations identified (k=3) moderate level mulberry, which imply effect instead trait plasticity could be consequence imposed natural cross-pollination. Further, ploidies, especially diploid triploid selected identified, however, consistency not defined higher (>3x). Moreover, incite gained here can serve platform for future omics approaches mulberry traits.

Language: Английский

---

Genome size, genetic diversity, and phenotypic variability imply the effect of genetic variation instead of ploidy on trait plasticity in the cross-pollinated tree species of mulberry

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 18(8), P. e0289766 - e0289766

Published: Aug. 11, 2023

Elucidation of genome size (GS), genetic and phenotypic variation is the fundamental aspect crop improvement programs. Mulberry a cross-pollinated, highly heterozygous tree eudicot, comprised huge ploidy with great adaptability across world. However, because inadequate information on GS, ploidy-associated traits, as well correlation between hinder further mulberry. In this present research, core set 157 germplasm accessions belonging to eight accepted species Morus including promising functional varieties were chosen represent spectrum from whole collection. To estimate subjected flow cytometry (FCM) analysis result suggested that four different ploidies (2n = 2x, 3x, 4x, 6x) GS ranging 0.72±0.005pg (S-30) 2.89±0.015pg (M. serrata), accounting~4.01 fold difference. The predicted polyploidy was confirmed metaphase chromosome count. addition, estimated by selecting representative morphologically, diverse population 82 all variations using simple sequence repeats (SSR). average Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) expected heterozygosity showed high levels diversity. Additionally, three populations identified model-based structure (k 3) moderate level mulberry, which imply effect instead trait plasticity could be consequence imposed natural cross-pollination. Further, ploidies, especially diploid triploid selected traits identified, however, consistency not defined higher (>3x). Moreover, incite gained here can serve platform for future omics approaches mulberry traits.

Language: Английский

---