Food-Borne Biotoxin Neutralization in Vivo by Nanobodies: Current Status and Prospects

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 72(19), P. 10753 - 10771

Published: May 6, 2024

Food-borne biotoxins from microbes, plants, or animals contaminate unclean, spoiled, and rotten foods, posing significant health risks. Neutralizing such toxins is vital for human health, especially after food poisoning. Nanobodies (Nbs), a type of single-domain antibodies derived the genetic cloning variable domain heavy chain (VHHs) in camels, offer unique advantages toxin neutralization. Their small size, high stability, precise binding enable effective The use Nbs neutralizing food-borne offers numerous benefits, their malleability allows tailored optimization diverse toxins. As nanotechnology continues to evolve improve, are poised become increasingly efficient safer tools neutralization, playing pivotal role safeguarding environmental safety. This review not only highlights efficacy these agents but also proposes innovative solutions address current challenges. It lays solid foundation further development this crucial field propels commercial application, thereby contributing significantly advancements domain.

Language: Английский

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Metabolomics and proteomics: synergistic tools for understanding snake venom inhibition

Archives of Toxicology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Language: Английский

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The application of snake venom in anticancer drug discovery: an overview of the latest developments

Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 19

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

Snake venom is a rich source of toxins with great potential for therapeutic applications. In addition to its efficacy in treating hypertension, acute coronary syndrome, and other heart conditions, research has shown that this potent enzymatic cocktail capable selectively targeting destroying cancer cells many cases while sparing healthy cells. The authors begin by acknowledging the emerging trends snake-derived targeted therapies battling cancer. An extensive literature review examining effects various snake on cell lines, highlighting specific hallmarks each toxin targets presented. Furthermore, emphasize artificial intelligence accelerating venom-based drug discovery treatment, showcasing several innovative software applications field. Research indicates promising treatment as discussed can specifically target Nevertheless, variations composition venoms, ethical issues, delivery barriers limit their development into effective therapies. Thus, advances biotechnology, molecular engineering, silico methods are crucial refinement venom-derived compounds, improving specificity, overcoming these challenges, ultimately enhancing therapy.

Language: Английский

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Snake Venom Compounds: A New Frontier in the Battle Against Antibiotic-Resistant Infections

Toxins, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 221 - 221

Published: May 1, 2025

The occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a serious global health issue, and it emphasizes the need for novel antimicrobial agents. This review explores potential snake venom as another alternative strategy against resistance. Snake venoms are complex combinations bioactive peptides proteins, including metalloproteases (MPs), serine proteases (SPs), phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes, three-finger toxins (3FTXs), cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs), L-amino acid oxidases (LAAOs), (AMPs). antibacterial products possess wide-spectrum activity resistant microbes via diverse mechanisms such cell membrane disruption, enzymatic hydrolysis microbial structures, generation oxidative stress, inhibition biofilms, immunomodulation. Strong reported by most studies, but these mostly restricted to in vitro testing with low translational use. Although preliminary insights into molecular targets physiological effects exist, further studies needed clarify long-term safety therapeutic potential. Special attention given venom-derived extracellular vesicles (SVEVs), which enhance protecting them from degradation, improving bioavailability, facilitating targeted delivery. Furthermore, innovative delivery strategies PEGylation, liposomes, hydrogels, microneedle patches, biopolymer films, nanoparticles discussed their role reducing systemic toxicity enhancing efficacy. rational modification expands utility pharmacokinetics minimizing off-target effects. Together, approaches highlight venom-based therapies next-generation antimicrobials fight infections. By outlining challenges directions, this positions an overlooked fertile resource battle antibiotic

Language: Английский

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Network toxicology and molecular docking reveal key mechanisms of domoic acid neurotoxicity with bio-layer interferometry validation

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 294, P. 118090 - 118090

Published: March 24, 2025

Language: Английский

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Epitope-based antibody development against metalloproteinases and phospholipases A2 from Deinagkistrodon acutus venom

˜The œJournal of venomous animals and toxins including tropical diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 31

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract Background: Deinagkistrodon acutus, or the hundred-pace snake, poses severe health risks due to its venom. Envenomation by this snake leads complications such as hemorrhage, edema, and coagulopathy. Traditional antivenoms are limited venom variability often contain non-neutralizing antibodies, highlighting need for more precise effective immunogens. Methods: This study utilized epitope-based antibody technology develop a targeted sera against metalloproteinases (MPs) phospholipases A2 (PLA2s). Twelve antigenic epitopes were identified via bioinformatics, leading design of composite antigen peptide, EpiMPLA. It was engineered be expressed two expression systems, resulting in recombinant immunogens, ProMPLA p2AMPLA. Results: Immunization with p2AMPLA produced robust responses mice, effectively inhibiting MPs PLA2s. In vitro assays demonstrated that from immunized mice reduced activity these enzymes, minimized venom-induced hemorrhage restored blood coagulation. At dose 2×LD50, all control group died, while survival rates 90% anti-ProMPLA 70% anti-p2AMPLA. Conclusion: The EpiMPLA epitope represents promising candidate generating neutralizing antibodies D. acutusvenom, demonstrating potential address critical gaps current antivenom therapy. These findings not only validate feasibility development but also pave way further research optimize strategy.

Language: Английский

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Molecular and cellular mechanisms of neuroprotection by oligopeptides from snake venoms

Biocell, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 48(6), P. 897 - 904

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Venom snake-derived peptides have multiple biochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological profiles, allowing for the discovery of new medicinal products therapeutic applications.This review specifically examines fundamental elements neuroprotection offered by different oligopeptides derived from snake venom.It also includes a brief evaluation short that are being considered as potential agents.Proline-rich tryptophyllin family isolated crude venom Viperidae snakes, Bothrops atrox, jararaca, moojeni, been shown to pro-survival properties, ability reduce oxidative stress, promote cell viability mitochondrial functions.Three significant mechanisms related mediated oligopeptides: (1) Activation Larginine metabolite pathway, such polyamines ornithine metabolism, which reduces N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptor activity; (2) Enhancement activating nerve growth factorsignaling pathway; (3) Muscarinic acetylcholine subtype M1 (mAChR-M1).These small show promise neuroprotective agents against variety neurodegenerative disorders.

Language: Английский

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21st century Latin American synthetic peptides for their application in antivenom production

Published: Sept. 30, 2024

Envenomation caused by snakes, scorpions, and spiders represents a serious public health problem in Latin America. The antivenoms used for its treatment are produced immunizing horses repeatedly with sublethal doses of animal venoms along the adjuvant. However, venom availability is bottleneck. Furthermore, toxin-neutralizing antibodies only few total this classical method. Therefore, high antivenom required to achieve neutralization power, which usually causes adverse reactions patient. With aim obtaining higher proportion while reducing dependency on availability, alternative immunization protocols have been explored using synthetic peptides epitopes from clinically relevant toxins. process design an immunogenic peptide entitles: (a) choice medical toxins venom; (b) identification selected toxins; (c) improvement immunogenicity; (d) immunogen synthesis; e) vitro vivo evaluation. present article aims review advances their application production America during 21st century. Epitopes identified many important American snakes (snake metalloproteinases, snake serine proteases, crotamine, phospholipases A2, three-finger toxins), scorpions (beta-mammal/insect toxin Ts1, alpha-mammal Ts2, Ts3, Ts4, beta-mammal Tt1g neurotoxin), (dermonecrotic delta-ctenitoxin-Pn2a). Nevertheless, still experimental, even though they ideal large-scale low-cost production, factors that necessary meet national regional demands.

Language: Английский

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Snakebite Management: The Need of Reassessment, International Relations, and Effective Economic Measures to Reduce the Considerable SBE Burden

Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 10, 2024

Language: Английский

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Inequalities in access to antivenom: an ethical issue in the management of Snakebite Envenoming

Toxicon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 247, P. 108030 - 108030

Published: July 14, 2024

Language: Английский

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