Wastewater surveillance forSalmonellaTyphi and its association with seroincidence of enteric fever in Vellore, India DOI Open Access
Dilip Abraham, Lalithambigai Kathiresan, Kristen Aiemjoy

et al.

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 26, 2024

Abstract Background Blood culture-based surveillance for typhoid fever has limited sensitivity, encountering operational challenges in resource-limited settings. Environmental targeting Salmonella Typhi ( S . Typhi) shed wastewater (WW), coupled with cross-sectional serosurveys of S. Typhi-specific antibodies estimating exposure to infection, emerges as a promising alternative. Methods We assessed the feasibility and effectiveness (WW) sero-surveillance Vellore, India, from May 2022 April 2023. Monthly samples were collected 40 sites open drainage channels processed using standardized protocols. DNA was extracted analyzed via quantitative PCR genes (ttr, tviB, staG) fecal biomarker HF183. Clinical cases enteric recorded four major hospitals, serosurvey measured hemolysin E (HlyE) IgG levels children under 15 years estimate seroincidence. Results 7.5% (39/520) grab 15.3% (79/517) Moore swabs positive all 3 genes. swab positivity significantly associated HF183 (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 3.08, 95% CI: 1.59 – 5.93) upstream catchment population (aOR: 4.67, 1.97 11.04), there increased detection during monsoon season - membrane filtration 2.56, 1.02 6.41), 2.03, 1.01 3.97). Only 11 blood culture-confirmed documented over study period. Estimated seroincidence 10.4/100 person-years (py) (95% 9.61 11.5/100 py). The number at site estimated sero-incidence (incidence rate ratios: 1.14 (1.07-1.23) 1.10 (1.02-1.20) respectively. Conclusions These findings underscore utility alternate approaches incidence infection settings, offering valuable insights public health interventions disease monitoring strategies where conventional methods are challenging implement. Author Summary Our explores potential detecting wastewater, informing strategies, guiding vaccination campaigns, interventions, contributing better control prevention policies. rates 7.50% 15.30% observed swabs, respectively, significant correlations found between contamination marker samples. also that community 10.40/100 detections WW positively correlated reveals associations seroincidence, seasonal variations, dynamics, providing deeper into epidemiology fever.

Language: Английский

Wastewater surveillance for Salmonella Typhi and its association with seroincidence of enteric fever in Vellore, India DOI Creative Commons
Dilip Abraham, Lalithambigai Kathiresan,

Midhun Sasikumar

et al.

PLoS neglected tropical diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19(3), P. e0012373 - e0012373

Published: March 3, 2025

Background Blood culture-based surveillance for typhoid fever has limited sensitivity, and operational challenges are encountered in resource-limited settings. Environmental targeting Salmonella Typhi ( S . Typhi) shed wastewater (WW), coupled with cross-sectional serosurveys of S. Typhi-specific antibodies estimating exposure to infection, emerges as a promising alternative. Methods We assessed the feasibility effectiveness (WW) sero-surveillance Vellore, India, from May 2022 April 2023. Monthly samples were collected 40 sites open drainage channels processed using standardized protocols. DNA was extracted analyzed via quantitative PCR genes ttr, tviB, staG ) fecal biomarker HF183. Clinical cases enteric recorded four major hospitals, serosurvey measured hemolysin E (HlyE) IgG levels children under 15 years age estimate seroincidence. Results 7.50% (39/520) grab 15.28% (79/517) Moore swabs positive all 3 genes. swab positivity significantly associated HF183 (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 3.08, 95% CI: 1.59–5.95) upstream catchment population (aOR: 4.67, 1.97–11.04), there increased detection during monsoon season - membrane filtration 2.99, 1.06–8.49), 1.29, 0.60–2.79). Only 11 blood culture-confirmed documented over study period. Estimated seroincidence 10.4/100 person-years (py) (95% 9.61 11.5/100 py). The number at site estimated sero-incidence (incidence rate ratios: 1.14 (1.07–1.23) 1.10 (1.02–1.20) respectively. Conclusions These findings underscore utility alternate approaches incidence infection settings, offering valuable insights public health interventions disease monitoring strategies where conventional methods challenging implement.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
The use of wastewater surveillance to estimate SARS-CoV-2 fecal viral shedding pattern and identify time periods with intensified transmission DOI Creative Commons
Wan Yang,

Enoma Omoregie,

Aaron L. Olsen

et al.

BMC Public Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: March 24, 2025

Wastewater-based surveillance is an important tool for monitoring the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it remains challenging to translate wastewater SARS-CoV-2 viral load infection number, due unclear shedding patterns in and potential differences between variants. We utilized comprehensive data estimates of prevalence (i.e., source shedding) available New York City (NYC) characterize fecal pattern over multiple waves. collected measurements NYC during August 31, 2020 – 29, 2023 (N = 3794 samples). Combining with (number infectious individuals including those not detected as cases), we estimated time-lag, duration, per-infection rate ancestral/Iota, Delta, Omicron variants, separately. also developed a procedure identify occasions intensified transmission. Models suggested likely starts around same time lasts slightly longer than respiratory tract shedding. Estimated was highest ancestral/Iota variant wave, at 1.44 (95% CI: 1.35 1.53) billion RNA copies per day (measured by RT-qPCR), decreased 20% 50-60% Delta wave period, respectively. identified 200 which exceeded expected level any city's 14 sewersheds. These anomalies disproportionally occurred late January, April—early May, early August, from late-November late-December, frequencies exceeding expectation assuming random occurrence (P < 0.05; bootstrapping test). may be useful understanding changes underlying help quantify transmission severity time. have demonstrated that can support identification periods potentially

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Multisite community-scale monitoring of respiratory and enteric viruses in the effluent of a nursing home and in the inlet of the local wastewater treatment plant DOI
Catherine Manoha,

Anne-Laure Dequiedt,

Lucie Théry

et al.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 90(11)

Published: Oct. 10, 2024

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate whether community-level monitoring respiratory and enteric viruses in wastewater can provide a comprehensive picture local virus circulation. Wastewater samples were collected weekly at the treatment plant (WWTP) inlet outlet nearby nursing home (NH) Burgundy, France, during winter period 2022/2023. We searched for pepper mild mottle as an indicator fecal content well main [severe acute syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza, syncytial virus] (rotavirus, sapovirus, norovirus, astrovirus, adenovirus). Samples analyzed using real-time reverse transcription PCR-based methods. SARS-CoV-2 most frequently detected virus, with 66.7% positive from WWTP 28.6% NH. Peaks consistent chronological incidence infections recorded sentinel surveillance hospital databases. number lower NH than three viruses. Enteric detected, often sapovirus norovirus genogroup II, accounting both 77.8% 57.1% 37%, respectively, large circulation unexpected particular Combined simple optimized methods be valuable tool viral may serve suitable early warning system identifying outbreaks onset epidemics. These results encourage application wastewater-based (WBS) SARS-CoV2, sapovirus. IMPORTANCE WBS provides information on spread epidemic environment appropriate sensitive detection By PCR retirement (connected same collective sewer network), we aimed demonstrate that implementing combined key community sites allows effective occurrence (influenza, SARS-CoV-2) (norovirus, rotavirus, sapovirus) within given population. This analysis localized scale provided new two different sites. Implementing monitor or emergence infectious diseases is important means alerting authorities improving public health management. could participate actively humans, animals, environment.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Wastewater surveillance forSalmonellaTyphi and its association with seroincidence of enteric fever in Vellore, India DOI Open Access
Dilip Abraham, Lalithambigai Kathiresan, Kristen Aiemjoy

et al.

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 26, 2024

Abstract Background Blood culture-based surveillance for typhoid fever has limited sensitivity, encountering operational challenges in resource-limited settings. Environmental targeting Salmonella Typhi ( S . Typhi) shed wastewater (WW), coupled with cross-sectional serosurveys of S. Typhi-specific antibodies estimating exposure to infection, emerges as a promising alternative. Methods We assessed the feasibility and effectiveness (WW) sero-surveillance Vellore, India, from May 2022 April 2023. Monthly samples were collected 40 sites open drainage channels processed using standardized protocols. DNA was extracted analyzed via quantitative PCR genes (ttr, tviB, staG) fecal biomarker HF183. Clinical cases enteric recorded four major hospitals, serosurvey measured hemolysin E (HlyE) IgG levels children under 15 years estimate seroincidence. Results 7.5% (39/520) grab 15.3% (79/517) Moore swabs positive all 3 genes. swab positivity significantly associated HF183 (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 3.08, 95% CI: 1.59 – 5.93) upstream catchment population (aOR: 4.67, 1.97 11.04), there increased detection during monsoon season - membrane filtration 2.56, 1.02 6.41), 2.03, 1.01 3.97). Only 11 blood culture-confirmed documented over study period. Estimated seroincidence 10.4/100 person-years (py) (95% 9.61 11.5/100 py). The number at site estimated sero-incidence (incidence rate ratios: 1.14 (1.07-1.23) 1.10 (1.02-1.20) respectively. Conclusions These findings underscore utility alternate approaches incidence infection settings, offering valuable insights public health interventions disease monitoring strategies where conventional methods are challenging implement. Author Summary Our explores potential detecting wastewater, informing strategies, guiding vaccination campaigns, interventions, contributing better control prevention policies. rates 7.50% 15.30% observed swabs, respectively, significant correlations found between contamination marker samples. also that community 10.40/100 detections WW positively correlated reveals associations seroincidence, seasonal variations, dynamics, providing deeper into epidemiology fever.

Language: Английский

Citations

0